Representative downcore faunal and floral changes. Relative abundance of foraminiferal genera, Ammonia and Elphidium, in core OBY, Osaka Bay (Tsujimoto et al. 2008) (A); relative abundance of deformed specimens of foraminiferal species, Melonis barleeanus in sediment cores St. 12, St. 15, and St. 17 in a Greenlandic fjord (Elberling et al. 2003) (B); Planktic/benthic diatom ratio in Chesapeake Bay cores R4-30, R4-45, R4-50, and 50-E (Cooper 1995) (C); relative abundance of toxic diatom genus, Pseudo-nitzschia, in Gulf of Mexico cores E30, E50, E60, F35, and D50 (Parsons and Dortch 2002) (D); Heterotrophic/Autotrophic ratio of dinoflagellate cysts in the Adriatic Sea (Sangiorgi and Donders 2004) (E); and relative abundance of introduced dinoflagellate species, Gymnodinium catenatum, in Portuguese Margin, North Atlantic (Amorim and Dale 2006) (F).