Table 1.
Summary of Included Studies
| Study (year) | Study design | Country | Number of centers | Sample size (CCM Intervention/Control) | Intervention | Measures of performance reported (Effective*/Total (%)) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Process Measures | Outcome Measures | ||||||
| Bucher (2010) | RCT | Switzerland | 7 | Physicians randomized (57/60) | CIS– Audit/feedback | 0/4 | – |
| Patients randomized (1634/1632) | |||||||
| Pyne (2011) | RCT | U.S.A | 3 | 138/138 | DS– Communication and case discussion | – | 2/8 (25%) |
| Medical: 0/4 | |||||||
| Psych: 2/4 (50.0%) | |||||||
| Landon (2004) | CBA | U.S.A | 44 intervention/25 control clinics | 6406/3580 | CIS– Presence of quality monitoring | 0/6 | 0/2 |
| Imm/Vir: 0/1 | |||||||
| Economic: 0/1 | |||||||
| Fonquernie (2010) | PCS | France | 1 | 1717/1717 | DS– Explicit mention of implementation of guidelines CIS– Reminders, Change in medical records systems | 4/8 (50%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Medical: 1/1 (100%) | |||||||
| Psych: 1/1 (100%) | |||||||
| Gardner (2008) | PCS | U.S.A | 17 | 1091/1091 | DS– Educational meetings | 1/1 (100%) | 1/1 (100%) |
| CIS– Audit/feedback | Medical: 1/1 (100%) | ||||||
| Horswell (2008) | PCS | U.S.A | 8 | 3708/3708 | CIS– Reminders, Change in medical records systems | 2/6 (33.3%) | 1/4 (25%) |
| Imm/vir: 1/2 (50%) | |||||||
| Medical: 0/1 | |||||||
| Economic: 0/1 | |||||||
| Kitahata (2003) | PCS | U.S.A | 1 | 1204/1204 | CIS– Reminders | 4/12 (33.3%) | – |
| Belperio (2009) | RCS | U.S.A | Not reported | 7220/7220 | DS– Distribution of educational materials | 1/4 (25%) | – |
| Brown (2002) | RCS | U.S.A | 1 | 73/73 | CIS– Reminders | 5/5 (100%) | – |
| Ma (2010) | RCS | U.S.A | 1 | 75/75 | DS– Communication and case discussion | – | 3/4 (75%) |
| Imm/Vir: 2/3 (66.7%) | |||||||
| Medical: 1/1 (100%) | |||||||
| Natha (2008) | RCS | U.K. | 1 | 100/100 | DS– Explicit mention of implementation of guidelines | 4/5 (80%) | – |
| Shuter (2003) | RCS | U.S.A | 1 | 1026/1026 | CIS– Audit/feedback | 1/1 (100%) | – |
| Magnus (2009) | SCS | U.S.A | 8 | Not reported | CIS– Reminders, Change in medical records systems | 1/3 (33.3%) | – |
| Morris (2009) | TS | Zambia | 19 | Not reported | DS– Educational meetings | 0/3 | – |
| CIS– Audit/feedback, Presence of quality monitoring | |||||||
| Youngleson (2010) | TS | South Africa | 17 | Not reported | CIS– Presence of quality monitoring | 4/4 (100%) | – |
| Were (2010) | TM | Uganda | 1 | 94/88 | CIS– Reminders, Change in medical records systems | – | 2/3 (66.7%) |
| Economic: 2/3 | |||||||
| Total | 27/62 (43.5%) | 11/24 (45.8%) | |||||
| Imm/Vir: 3/6 (50.0%) | |||||||
| Medical: 3/8 (37/5%) | |||||||
| Psych: 3/5 (60.0%) | |||||||
| Economic: 2/5 (40.0%) | |||||||
*Effective: Process or outcome measures showing statistically significant improvement
RCT: Randomized Clinical Trial, CCT: Controlled Clinical Trial, PCS or RCS: Prospective or Retrospective Cohort Study, CBA: Controlled before and after design, SCS: Serial Cross-sectional Study, TS: Time series (Interrupted), TM: Time-motion Study (Prospective)
Psych: Psychosocial measures, Imm/Vir: Immunological/Virological measures