Table 1.
Baseline Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristics | Intervention patients with pain (n = 80) | Intervention patients without pain (n = 44) | Usual care patients with pain (n = 78) | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 47.5 (8.3) | 40.3 (12.3) | 45.4 (11.8) | <.001 |
| Female n,(%) | 59 (74) | 32 (73) | 60 (77) | 0.90 |
| Caucasian n,(%) | 59 (74) | 37 (84) | 57 (73) | 0.19 |
| >High school education n,(%) | 55 (69) | 29 (66) | 51 (65) | 0.75 |
| Married n, (%) | 36 (45) | 23 (52) | 33 (42) | 0.44 |
| Working, part-time/full time n,(%) | 37 (46) | 34 (77) | 34 (44) | <.001 |
| Prime-MD diagnosis n,(%) | ||||
| GAD | 37 (46) | 20 (45) | 27 (35) | 0.24 |
| PD | 1 (1) | 3 (7) | 7 (9) | |
| PD/GAD | 42 (53) | 21 (48) | 44 (56) | |
| Major depression n,(%) | 74 (93) | 37 (84) | 75 (96) | 0.14 |
| Anxiety comorbidity, mean n,(SD) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.92 |
| †Comorbid conditions ≥ 2 n,(%) | n = 78 | n = 42 | n = 76 | <.001 |
| 41 (53) | 8 (19) | 32 (42) | ||
| ‡Chronic pain diagnoses n,(%) | 55 (69) | 12 (27) | 52 (67) | <.0001 |
| Measures, mean (SD) | ||||
| SF-36 bodily pain | 32.5 (6.1) | 50.4 (6.6) | 33.1 (6.4) | <.0001 |
| HRS-A | 30.1 (6.9) | 25.4 (7.1) | 29.4 (7.0) | <.001 |
| PDSS, N | 16.6 (4.9) 43 | 16.3 (3.7) 24 | 15.9 (4.5) 51 | 0.78 |
| GADSS, N | 16.2 (2.9) 79 | 15.3 (3.4) 41 | 16.7 (2.5) 71 | 0.13 |
| SF-36 MCS | 28.1 (10.1) | 26.1 (11.3) | 27.4 (8.8) | 0.33 |
| PHQ-9 | 16.0 (4.8) | 13.9 (5.5) | 16.4 (4.8) | 0.045 |
| Anxiolytics n,(%) | n = 79 | n = 41 | n = 70 | |
| SSRI | 23 (29) | 6 (15) | 25 (36) | 0.08 |
| SNRI | 8 (10) | 1 (2) | 6 (9) | 0.13 |
| Other anxiolytics | 12 (15) | 4 (10) | 8 (11) | 0.41 |
| Tricyclic | 2 (3) | 0 | 0 | 0.30 |
| Benzodiazepine | 26 (33) | 8 (20) | 15 (21) | 0.12 |
| Pain medications n,(%) | ||||
| NSAIDS | 22 (28) | 1 (2) | 26 (33) | <.001 |
| Opioids | 34 (43) | 4 (9) | 26 (33) | <.001 |
| Acetaminophen | 4 (5) | 0 | 4 (5) | 0.13 |
| Other | 30 (38) | 2 (5) | 21 (27) | <.0001 |
Prime-MD Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders, GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder, PD Panic Disorder, GADSS Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale, range 0–24, HRS-A Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, range 0–56, PDSS Panic Disorder Severity Scale, range 0–28, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire 9, range 0–27; SF-36 BodilyPain range 0–100, SF-36 MCS Short Form-36 Mental Component Summary, range 0–100, SSRI Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, SNRI Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, NSAID Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
*Intervention patients with pain vs. intervention patients without pain
†Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Neurologic Disease, Pulmonary Disease, Gastrointestinal Disease
‡Any painful condition in the following areas: musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurological/sensory, migraine/chronic headaches, or chronic pain syndrome