Table 1.

Summary of functions of Yersinia adhesins.

Protein	Function	Organism	References
CHROMOSOMALLY ENCODED PROTEINS
Invasin	Invasion of epithelial cells	Yea, Ypa	Isberg et al., 1987
	β1 integrin binding	Ye, Yp	Clark et al., 1998
	Induction of cytokine production	Ye, Yp	Grassl et al., 2003
YadB, YadC	Invasion of epithelial cells	Ypea	Forman et al., 2008
	Not known	Yp	Forman et al., 2008
Ail	Adhesion to epithelial cells	Ye, Ype	Miller et al., 2001
	Binding to laminin and fibronectin	Ye, Ype	Yamashita et al., 2011
	Serum resistance	Ye, Yp, Ype	Biedzka-Sarek et al., 2008b
	Yop deliveryb	Ye, Yp, Ype	Felek et al., 2010
pH 6	Resistance to phagocytosis	Ye, Ype	Yang et al., 1996; Huang and Lindler, 2004
	Escape from macrophages	Ype	Lindler and Tall, 1993
	Haemagglutination	Yp, Ype	Yang et al., 1996
	Interaction with lipoproteins	Ype	Makoveichuk et al., 2003
	Interaction with Fc of IgG	Ype	Zav'yalov et al., 1996
	Yop delivery	Ype	Felek et al., 2010
	Tissue adhesion	Yp	Yang et al., 1996
	Adhesion	Ye	Yang et al., 1996
PLASMID ENCODED PROTEINS
YadA	Essential for virulence	Ye	Roggenkamp et al., 1995
	Invasion of epithelial cells	Yp	Eitel and Dersch, 2002
	Binding to ECM molecules collagen, fibronectin, and laminin	Ye, Yp	Schulze-Koops et al., 1992; Flügel et al., 1994; Heise and Dersch, 2006
	Adhesion to epithelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages	Ye, Yp	Heesemann et al., 1987; Roggenkamp et al., 1996
	Serum resistance	Ye, Yp	Lambris et al., 2008
	Autoagglutination	Ye, Yp	Hoiczyk et al., 2000
	Yop delivery	Ye, Yp	Visser et al., 1995
Pla	Plasminogen activation	Ype	Beesley et al., 1967
	Adherence and invasion to epithelial cells	Ype	Sodeinde et al., 1992
	Degradation of laminin and fibrin	Ype	Haiko et al., 2009
	Serum resistance	Ype	Sodeinde et al., 1992
	Yop delivery	Ype	Felek et al., 2010

^a

Abbreviations

Yp

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Ye

Yersinia entercolitica

Ype

Yersinia pestis.

^bIndirect, via laminin and fibronectin binding.