Table 1.

Association of Prevalent Vascular (Coronary Heart Disease or Stroke) and Nonvascular Disease (Long-Standing Illness) with Subsequent Onset of Depressive Symptoms

Predictor	na	n of Cases	Odds Ratiob (95% CI)	p Value
Prevalent CHD/Stroke	Outcome: New-onset GHQ symptomsc
No	12166	1461	1.0
Yes	664	96	1.75 (1.39, 2.21)	<.001
Long-Standing Illness (Nonvascular)d
No	7095	779	1.0
Yes	4884	662	1.53 (1.37, 1.72)	<.001
Prevalent CHD/Stroke	Outcome: New-onset CES-D depressive symptomse
No	4137	253	1.0
Yes	372	41	2.02 (1.42, 2.98)	<.001
Long-Standing Illness (Nonvascular)d
No	1787	76	1.0
Yes	2293	177	1.88 (1.41, 2.47)	<.001
Prevalent CHD/Stroke	Outcome: Starting antidepressant treatmentc
No	18430	369	1.0
Yes	1191	34	1.50 (1.04, 2.16)	.03
Long-Standing Illness (Nonvascular)d
No	10088	153	1.0
Yes	7810	205	1.80 (1.45, 2.23)	<.001

CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire.

^aNumber of person observations.

^bOdds ratios are adjusted for age and sex.

^cAcross three data cycles (from phase 3 to phase 5; from phase 5 to phase 7; from phase 7 to phase 9).

^dExcluding participants with vascular disease (CHD or stroke).

^eFrom phase 7 to phase 9 (one data cycle).