Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and bivariate relations between predictors and self-engagement and cessation outcomes at 36 months among recalcitrant smokers (N = 333)
| Use of any cessation medication in 30–36 months (n = 95, 28.5%) |
At least one 24-hour quit attempt in 30–36 months (n = 161, 48.6%) |
7-day point prevalence quit status at 36 months (n = 15, 4.5%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical predictors | N | % Yes |
OR (95% CI) |
% Yes |
OR (95% CI) |
% Quit |
OR (95% CI) |
| Treatment condition | |||||||
| PM (Referent) | 131 | 27.48 | --- | 52.67 | --- | 5.34 | --- |
| LDM | 109 | 30.28 | 1.15 (0.65, 2.01) |
41.67 | 0.64 (0.38, 1.07) |
3.67 | 0.68 (0.79, 2.37) |
| HDM | 93 | 27.96 | 1.02 (0.57, 1.85) |
51.09 | 0.94 (0.55, 1.60) |
4.30 | 0.80 (0.23, 2.80) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Female (Referent) | 207 | 33.18 | --- | 48.54 | --- | 4.83 | --- |
| Male | 126 | 23.02 | 0.64 (0.385, 1.061) |
48.80 | 1.01 (0.65, 1.58) |
3.97 | 0.81 (0.27, 2.44) |
| Stage of change | |||||||
| Pre-contemplation (Referent) | 77 | 23.38 | --- | 36.36 | --- | 3.90 | --- |
| Contemplation | 156 | 26.92 | 1.21 (0.64, 2.28) |
41.56 | 1.24 (0.71, 2.19) |
3.21 | 0.82 (0.19, 3.51) |
| Preparation | 96 | 35.42 | 1.80 (0.92, 3.53) |
69.79 | 4.04 (2.14, 7.64) |
7.29 | 1.94 (0.49, 7.77) |
| NRT use in 30–36 months | |||||||
| No (Referent) | 289 | --- | --- | 44.64 | --- | 4.50 | --- |
| Yes | 42 | --- | --- | 76.19 | 3.97 (1.88, 8.38) |
2.38 | 0.52 (0.07, 4.06) |
| Bupropion use in 30–36 months | |||||||
| No (Referent) | 315 | --- | --- | 47.62 | --- | 4.44 | --- |
| Yes | 16 | --- | --- | 68.75 | 2.42 (0.82, 7.12) |
0.00 | --- |
| Varenicline use in 30–36 months | |||||||
| No (Referent) | 285 | --- | --- | 44.56 | --- | 2.46 | --- |
| Yes | 46 | --- | --- | 73.91 | 3.53 (1.75, 7.09) |
15.22 | 7.13 (2.37, 21.41) |
| Metropolitan status | |||||||
| Metro (Referent) | 82 | 32.93 | --- | 48.15 | --- | 6.10 | --- |
| Non-metro | 251 | 27.09 | 0.757 (0.442, 1.296) |
48.80 | 1.026 (0.622, 1.695) |
3.98 | 0.63 (0.212, 1.927) |
| Use of any cessation medication in 30–36 months |
At least one 24-hour quit attempt in 30–36 months |
7-day point prevalence quit status at 36 months |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous predictors | Yes mean (SD) |
No mean (SD) |
P | Yes Mean (SD) |
No mean (SD) |
P | Quit mean (SD) |
Not quit mean (SD) |
P |
| Cigarettes smoked per day at 24 months |
15.04 (9.53) |
15.18 (9.33) |
.91 | 12.48 (7.28) |
17.72 (10.42) |
< .0001 | 12.33 (5.68) |
15.27 (9.50) |
.08 |
| Motivation to quit at 24 monthsa | 8.80 (1.71) |
8.19 (2.35) |
.01 | 8.63 (1.97) |
8.11 (2.38) |
.03 | 7.00 (2.88) |
8.43 (2.15) |
.08 |
| Confidence to quit at 24 months+ | 6.10 (2.78) |
5.60 (2.82) |
.15 | 5.92 (2.74) |
5.53 (2.88) |
.20 | 5.73 (3.39) |
5.74 (2.79) |
.99 |
| Number of pharmacotherapy- assisted quit attempts between 0–24 months |
1.89 (1.28) |
1.51 (1.22) |
.01 | 1.86 (1.28) |
1.41 (1.17) |
< .001 | 1.27 (1.10) |
1.64 (1.25) |
.22 |
Note: PM = Pharmacotherapy management alone; LDM = Low level of disease management; HDM = High level of disease management.
a
Motivation and confidence to quit scores range from 0 to 10.