Figure 2.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes oxidative stress in the vasculature via stimulation of AT1 receptors and subsequent activation of NADPH oxidases. Oxidative stress contributes to blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, impairment of vasodilation and neurovascular coupling, and promotes inward vascular remodeling and inflammation. Overall, these effects contribute to reductions in cerebral blood flow, which can lead to dementia and increased susceptibility for stroke and lessen recovery following stroke or other forms of brain injury.