Table 2.
Functional status in an adult population, as a function of separate symptoms
| |
Model A |
Model B |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom | ΔR2 | β(95%CI) | P-value | St. β | ΔR2 | β(95%CI) | P-value | St. β |
| Head |
0.076 |
1.94 (1.72–2.16) |
<0.001 |
0.28 |
0.001 |
0.23 (0.04–0.41) |
0.017 |
0.033 |
| Neck |
0.088 |
2.01 (1.79–2.22) |
<0.001 |
0.30 |
<0.001 |
−0.024 (−0.23–-0.18) |
0.823 |
−0.004 |
| Shoulders |
0.089 |
2.03 (1.81–2.24) |
<0.001 |
0.30 |
<0.001 |
0.075(−0.13–0.28) |
0.296 |
0.011 |
| Elbows |
0.047 |
2.34 (1.99–2.68) |
<0.001 |
0.22 |
0.001 |
0.37 (0.092–0.64) |
0.009 |
0.034 |
| Wrists/hands |
0.069 |
2.23 (1.96–2.50) |
<0.001 |
0.27 |
0.001 |
0.28 (0.053–0.51) |
0.016 |
0.034 |
| Upper back |
0.117 |
2.83 (2.58–3.09) |
<0.001 |
0.35 |
0.005 |
0.67 (0.45–0.89) |
<0.001 |
0.082 |
| Lower back |
0.110 |
2.24 (2.03–2.45) |
<0.001 |
0.33 |
0.007 |
0.65 (0.47–0.82) |
<0.001 |
0.096 |
| Hips |
0.080 |
2.49 (2.21–2.77) |
<0.001 |
0.29 |
0.004 |
0.60 (0.37–0.82) |
<0.001 |
0.070 |
| Knees |
0.074 |
2.24 (1.98–2.51) |
<0.001 |
0.27 |
0.005 |
0.65 (0.44–0.86) |
<0.001 |
0.079 |
| Ankles/feet |
0.065 |
2.27 (1.98–2.55) |
<0.001 |
0.26 |
0.001 |
0.36 (0.12–0.59) |
0.03 |
0.041 |
| Palpitations |
0.062 |
1.98 (1.72–2.23) |
<0.001 |
0.25 |
<0.001 |
0.084 (−0.12–0.29) |
0.411 |
0.011 |
| Chest pain |
0.069 |
2.21(1.94–2.48) |
<0.001 |
0.26 |
<0.001 |
0.00 (−0.22–0.23) |
0.41 |
0.00 |
| Breathing difficulties |
0.107 |
2.74 (2.48–3.00) |
<0.001 |
0.33 |
0.005 |
0.69 (0.47–0.91) |
<0.001 |
0.083 |
| Heartburn |
0.035 |
1.28 (1.05–1.50) |
<0.001 |
0.19 |
<0.001 |
−0.024 (−0.20–0.15) |
0.791 |
−0.003 |
| Stomach discomfort |
0.079 |
2.15 (1.91–2.40) |
<0.001 |
0.28 |
0.001 |
0.25 (−0.045–0.457) |
0.017 |
0.033 |
| Diarrhoea |
0.036 |
1.35(1.12–1.58) |
<0.001 |
0.19 |
0.001 |
0.19 (0.018–0.36) |
0.030 |
0.027 |
| Constipation |
0.039 |
1.89 (1.58–2.20) |
<0.001 |
0.20 |
0.001 |
0.23 (0.00–0.46) |
0.050 |
0.025 |
| Eczema |
0.011 |
0.85 (0.58–1.12) |
<0.001 |
0.10 |
<0.001 |
0.021 (−0.17–0.21) |
0.212 |
0.003 |
| Tiredness |
0.101 |
2.12 (1.91–2.33) |
<0.001 |
0.32 |
0.001 |
0.23 (0.050–0.402) |
0.012 |
0.034 |
| Dizziness |
0.103 |
2.31 (2.08–2.53) |
<0.001 |
0.32 |
0.001 |
0.28 (0.09–0.470) |
0.004 |
0.040 |
| Anxiety |
0.259 |
3.94 (2.73–4.16) |
<0.001 |
0.51 |
0.026 |
1.60 (1.37–1.83) |
<0.001 |
0.207 |
| Depression |
0.281 |
3.61 (3.42–3.79) |
<0.001 |
0.54 |
0.035 |
1.65 (1.45–1.85) |
<0.001 |
0.245 |
| Sleep problems | 0.133 | 2.37 (2.18–2.58) | <0.001 | 0.37 | 0.010 | 0.72 (0.56–-0.89) | <0.001 | 0.113 |
Footnote: Functional status is measured on four COOP-WONCA scales: physical fitness, feelings, daily activities, social activities, and the dependent variable in all analyses is sum score of these charts. ΔR2: the change in R2 (multiple correlation coefficient) accounted for by the variable; β: unstandardised regression coefficient; CI: Confidence interval; St.β:Standardised β value. Model A: Linear regression analysis performed with individual symptoms, controlling for age and sex. Model B: Multiple regression model controlling for all other symptoms, in addition to age and sex.