Table 3. Patterns of care received from outside the household by background characteristics and functional health status.

Variables and categories	Patterns or sources of care								χ 2
	None		Informal only		Formal only		Formal + informal
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
France
Age group (years)
75–79	187	60.3	47	15.2	50	16.1	26	8.4
80–84	97	44.5	36	16.5	32	14.7	53	24.3
85 +	29	28.2	15	14.6	23	22.3	36	35.0	57.4***
Gender
Men	139	58.9	23	9.7	44	18.6	30	12.7
Women	174	44.1	75	19.0	61	15.4	85	21.5	21 9***
Income
Low	70	33.3	44	21.0	33	15.7	63	30.0
Medium	113	53.8	35	16.7	30	14.3	32	15.2
High	130	61.6	19	9.0	42	19.9	20	9.5	56.1***
Spouse
No	131	36.8	77	21.6	52	14.6	96	27.0
Yes	182	66.2	21	7.6	53	19.3	19	6.9	82.8***
ADL limitations
None	271	59.8	70	15.5	65	14.3	47	10.4
One	23	28.4	12	14.8	13	16.0	33	40.7
Two or more	19	19.6	16	16.5	27	27.8	35	36.1	98.2***
IADL limitations
None	258	63.9	65	16.1	55	13.6	26	6.4
One	26	35.6	12	16.4	16	21.9	19	26.0
Two or more	29	18.8	21	13.6	34	22.1	70	45.5	151.4***
Israel
Age group (years)
75–79	135	63.1	34	15.9	26	12.1	19	8.9
80–84	61	47.7	28	21.9	15	11.7	24	18.8
85 +	21	34.4	16	26.2	13	21.3	11	18.0	22.2**
Gender
Men	126	62.1	32	15.8	25	12.3	20	9.9
Women	91	45.5	46	23.0	29	14.5	34	17.0	12 1**
Income
Low	63	47.0	34	25.4	18	13.4	19	14.2
Medium	61	45.2	28	20.7	24	17.8	22	16.3
High	93	69.4	16	11.9	12	9.0	13	9.7	21 7**
Spouse
No	54	32.3	48	28.7	26	15.6	39	23.4
Yes	163	69.1	30	12.7	28	11.9	15	6.4	59.6***
ADL limitations
None	182	65.7	59	21.3	24	8.7	12	4.3
One	14	36.8	10	26.3	5	13.2	9	23.7
Two or more	21	23.9	9	10.2	25	28.4	33	37.5	106.8***
IADL limitations
None	163	75.1	35	16.1	14	6.5	5	2.3
One	26	49.1	15	28.3	6	11.3	6	11.3
Two or more	28	21.1	28	21.1	34	25.6	43	32.3	126.9***

Significance levels:

^**p < 0.01,

^***p ><0.001.