Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population (mean±S.D.).
| variable | non- mothers (n=111) |
mothers with a child age 3 or under (n=31) |
mothers with no child age 3 or under (n=53) |
p- value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | 29.9±3.0 | 31.9±2.4 | 32.5±2.5 | <0.0012 |
| Height (cm) | 166.9±6.6 | 168.3±7.1 | 166.4±6.0 | 0.44 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.8±11.2 | 69.8±11.2 | 69.8±12.6 | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9±3.6 | 24.6±3.5 | 25.1 ±4.0 | 0.15 |
| Reproductive measures | ||||
| Age at menarche (years) | 13.2±1.3 | 13.3±1.2 | 12.8±1.5 | 0.19 |
| Parity | --- | 1.7±0.6 | 1.9±0.9 | 0.383 |
| % married | 48% | 84% | 89% | <0.0012 |
| Serum testosterone concentration (nmol/L) | 1.5±0.5 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.5±0.5 | 0.0064 |
| Time of sample collection (hours since midnight) | 9.1±1.1 | 9.0±0.9 | 9.1±0.9 | 0.92 |
| Energetic variables | ||||
| Average daily energy intake (kJ) | 8.11±0.18 | 8.70±1.96 | 7.79±1.92 | 0.105 |
| Average activity level (scale of 1–3) | 2.2±0.8 | 2.0±0.4 | 2.1±0.7 | 0.57 |
| Average hours of sleep per night | 8.0±1.1 | 7.2±0.7 | 7.6±0.9 | 0.00036 |
1
Significance level for differences across groups based on univariate ANOVAs, unless otherwise noted. Pair-wise differences as noted below.
2
Non-mothers differed significantly from mothers of children age≤3 and mothers of children age>3.
3
P-value based on two-sided, unpaired-t-test.
4
Mothers with a child age≤3 differed significantly from non-mothers and mothers with no child age≤3.
5
Mothers of children age≤3 differed significantly from mothers of children age>3.
6
Non-mothers differed significantly from mothers of children age≤3.