Table 1.
Selected Baseline (1967–1973) and Follow-up (2007–2010) Characteristics, All Participants, and by Baseline RF Status
| Baseline RF Status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | All | LR* | 0 RFs† | 1 RF Only‡ | 2+ RFs‡ | P‖ |
| No. of people | 1346 | 261 | 431 | 451 | 203 | |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 32.8 (4.6) | 32.2 (5.0) | 32.8 (4.5) | 33.2 (4.5) | 32.7 (4.4) | 0.054 |
| Female, n (%) | 376 (27.9) | 134 (51.3) | 91 (21.1) | 111 (24.6) | 40 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| Black | 125 (9.3) | 22 (8.4) | 30 (7.0) | 45 (10.0) | 28 (13.8) | 0.177 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1189 (88.3) | 231 (88.5) | 392 (91.0) | 396 (87.8) | 170 (83.7) | |
| Hispanic or Asian | 32 (2.4) | 8 (3.1) | 9 (2.1) | 10 (2.2) | 5 (2.5) | |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 14.8 (2.3) | 14.8 (2.3) | 15.2 (2.3) | 14.6 (2.4) | 14.4 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||
| Never smoker | 608 (45.2) | 166 (63.6) | 245 (56.8) | 170 (37.7) | 27 (13.3) | |
| Former smoker | 413 (30.7) | 95 (36.4) | 186 (43.2) | 107 (23.7) | 25 (12.3) | |
| Current smoker | 325 (24.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 174 (38.6) | 151 (74.4) | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.9 (3.4) | 22.1 (2.0) | 25.3 (2.5) | 25.1 (3.4) | 27.2 (4.0) | |
| BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, n (%) | 84 (6.2) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 33 (7.3) | 51 (25.1) | |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 127.2 (15.0) | 113.7 (6.2) | 122.8 (8.6) | 132.0 (15.4) | 143.0 (13.3) | |
| DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 75.4 (9.8) | 68.9 (7.4) | 73.4 (7.5) | 77.7 (10.0) | 83.2 (9.9) | |
| Hypertension,‡ n (%) | 383 (28.5) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 212 (47.0) | 171 (84.2) | |
| Serum cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 187.8 (35.5) | 165.8 (21.3) | 185.4 (27.8) | 190.4 (35.4) | 215.2 (44.2) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia,‡ n (%) | 99 (7.4) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 29 (6.4) | 70 (34.5) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 9 (0.7) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3 (0.7) | 6 (3.0) | |
| Follow-up RF status,‡ n (%) | ||||||
| 0 RFs§ | 178 (13.3) | 58 (22.4) | 60 (14.0) | 48 (10.7) | 12 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| 1 RF only | 344 (25.7) | 85 (32.8) | 114 (26.5) | 115 (25.6) | 30 (14.9) | |
| 2+ RFs | 818 (61.0) | 116 (44.8) | 256 (59.5) | 287 (63.8) | 159 (79.1) | |
| Follow-up MI/major ECG abnormalities, n (%) | 409 (30.5) | 56 (21.6) | 128 (29.8) | 150 (33.3) | 75 (37.3) | 0.001 |
RF indicates risk factor; LR, low risk; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
Favorable level of all major CVD RFs (BP ≤120/≤80 mm Hg and no antihypertensive medication, serum cholesterol <200 mg/dL and no lipid-lowering medication, not smoking, BMI <25 kg/m2, no diabetes).
Unfavorable/borderline BP or serum total cholesterol, not smoking, BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, no diabetes.
High SBP/DBP (≥140/90) or using antihypertensive medication, serum total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or using lipid-lowering medication, smoking, BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, diabetes.
Combined LR and 0 RFs groups at follow-up.
P values for overall group comparisons based on χ2 or F test except for RF components.