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. 2012 Dec 19;1(6):e002568. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.002568

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© 2012 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley-Blackwell.

This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Figure 7. — Ex vivo thermal ablation. A, White light image (left) and thermal image (right) of the same specimen as Figure 6A demonstrated temperature increase of the ligated left carotid artery with SWNTs (solid arrow), but not the ligated left carotid artery without SWNTs (dashed arrow). Dashed lines show outline of carotid arteries. B, Immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 (upper) and macrophages (lower). Thermal ablation induced apoptosis in ligated left carotid arteries with SWNTs, with caspase-3-positive cells corresponding to macrophages (arrows). Minimal apoptosis induction was noted in light-exposed ligated left carotid arteries without SWNTs or in ligated left carotid arteries not exposed to laser light, with or without SWNTs. Original magnification ×400. C, Immnunnofluorescence staining for caspase-3 and macrophages confirmed the colocalization (yellow) of macrophages (red) and caspase-3-positive cells (green). Original magnification ×1000. D, Quantitative analysis of the number of caspase-3-positive cells showed a significant increase only in ligated carotids with SWNTs plus laser light exposure; *P<0.02 vs SWNTs (+)/laser (+), **P<0.007 vs SWNTs (+)/laser (+). SWNT indicates single-walled carbon nanotubes.