Table 1.
Oligonucleotides Used in This Study
| Gene Name | Protein Name | Genbank Accession # | Oligonucleotide | Oligonucleotide Sequence 5′–3′ | Amplicon Size (bp) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGC-1α | PPARγ coactivator-1α | NM_013261.3 | PGC1α F | GTCACCACCCAAATCCTTAT | 131 |
| PGC1α R | ATCTACTGCCTGGAGACCTT | ||||
| PRC | PGC-1-related coactivator | NM_015062.3 | PRC F | GCAACGCCAAGCAGAAACAGAAGA | 115 |
| PRC R | TGGTGGGATGACAAGACAAGGGAT | ||||
| ERRα | Estrogen-related receptor α | NM_004451.3 | ERRα F | GGCAAAGTGCTGGCCCATTTCTAT | 80 |
| ERRα R | TCGAGCATCTCCAAGAACAGCTTG | ||||
| PPARγ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ | NM_138711.3 | PPARγ F | GGCTTCATGACAAGGGAGTTTC | 74 |
| PPARγ R | AACTCAAACTTGGGCTCCATAAAG | ||||
| NRF1 | Nuclear respiratory factor 1 | NM_001040110.1 | NRF1 F | GGCACTGTCTCACTTATCCAGGTT | 115 |
| NRF1 R | CAGCCACGGCAGAATAATTCA | ||||
| NRF2 | Nuclear respiratory factor 2 | NM_001197297.1 | NRF2 F | CAGCCTGAACTGGTTGCACAGAAA | 190 |
| NRF2 R | TCAACTCCGCTGCACTGTATCCAA | ||||
| NRF2β | Nuclear respiratory factor 2β | NM_005254.5 | NRF2B F | TGAAACGGGTGTATCTGCTG | 180 |
| NRF2B R | GAACTAACTACTTGCTGAATGGC | ||||
| POLRMT | RNA polymerase, mt | NM_005035.3 | POLRMT F | GACATGTACAACGCCGTGATGCTT | 91 |
| POLRMT R | AGCCGGCATCCTTCACCATGAATA | ||||
| TFB1M | Transcription factor B1, mt | NM_016020.3 | TFB1M F | GGACACTCGATTTATTCCTGGATT | 78 |
| TFB1M R | ACATCTCCATGAACAATTCTCAGTTT | ||||
| TFB2M | Transcription factor B2, mt | NM_022366.2 | TFB2M F | TCTGGCAATTAGCTTGTGAGATTAA | 101 |
| TFB2M R | CCTACGCTTTGGGTTTTCCA | ||||
| TFAM | Transcription factor A, mt | NM_003201.1 | TFAM F | AATGGATAGGCACAGGAAACC | 136 |
| TFAM R | CAAGTATTATGCTGGCAGAAGTC | ||||
| MCAD | Medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase | NM_001127328 | MCAD F | ATGGGCCAGCGATGTTCAGATACT | 101 |
| MCAD R | GCAACTTTGAAACCAGCTCCGTCA | ||||
| CKMT2 | Creatine kinase, mt 2 | NM_001151.3 | CKMT2 F | AAGAACGAGGCTGGGAGTTCATGT | 132 |
| CKMT2 R | AGCTTTGGGATCCTAACGTGGACA | ||||
| ND1 | NADH dehydrogenase complex subunit 1 | NM_004541.3 | ND1 F | CTGGCTACTGCGTACATCCA | 142 |
| ND1 R | TCTCCAAACCCTTTGACACA | ||||
| ND4 | NADH dehydrogenase complex subunit 4 | NM_002495.2 | ND4 F | AGGACTTCCACATGGAGATTGGCA | 162 |
| ND4 R | AGACTGCATGTTATTGCGAGCAGG | ||||
| SDHB | Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B | NM_003000.2 | SDHB F | CCACAGCTCCCCGTATCAAG | 170 |
| SDHB R | TCGGAAGGTCAAAGTAGAGTCAA | ||||
| CytB | Cytochrome B | NC_012920.1 | CytB F | AGTCCCACCCTCACACGATTCTTT | 185 |
| CytB R | AGTAAGCCGAGGGCGTCTTTGATT | ||||
| CytC | Cytochrome C | NM_018947.5 | CytC F | TGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTT | 86 |
| CytC R | TGCCTTTGTTCTTATTGGCGGCTG | ||||
| UQCRC2 | Ubiquinol-cytoc C reductase protein II | NM_003366.2 | UQCRC2 F | TTCAGCAATTTAGGAACCACCC | 119 |
| UQCRC2 R | GTCACACTTAATTTGCCACCAAC | ||||
| COI | Cytochrome oxidase complex subunit I | NC_012920.1 | COI F | ACCCTAGACCAAACCTACGCCAAA | 90 |
| COI R | TAGGCCGAGAAAGTGTTGTGGGAA | ||||
| COXIV | Cytochrome oxidase complex subunit IV | NM_001861.3 | COXIV F | TTTAGCCTAGTTGGCAAGCGA | 105 |
| COXIV R | CCGATCCATATAAGCTGGGAGC | ||||
| 16S | 16S rRNA | NC_011137.1 | 16S F | CGCATAAGCCTGCGTCAGATAAAA | 103 |
| 16S R | TGTGTTGGGTTGACAGTGAGGGTA | ||||
| ATP5A | ATP synthase complex subunit 5A | NM_001001937.1 | ATP5A F | TACATGGGCTGAGGAATGTTCA | 179 |
| ATP5A R | ACCAACTGGAACGTCCACAAT | ||||
| CAT | Catalase | NM_001752.3 | CAT F | TAAGACTGACCAGGGCATC | 201 |
| CAT R | CAAACCTTGGTGAGATCGAA | ||||
| GPx-1 | Glutathione peroxidase-1 | NT_022517.18 | GPx-1 F | AGCCCAACTTCATGCTCTTC | 401 |
| GPx-1 R | CAGGTGTTCCTCCCTCGTAG | ||||
| HO-1 | Heme oxygenase 1 | NM_002133.2 | HO-1 F | CAGGCAGAGAATGCTGAGTTC | 271 |
| HO-1 R | GCTTCACATAGCGCTGCA | ||||
| MnSOD | Mn2+ superoxide dismutase | NM_001024466.1 | MnSOD F | ACAGGCCTTATTCCACTGCT | 168 |
| MnSOD R | CAGCATAACGATCGTGGTTT | ||||
| BAX | Bcl-2-associated X | NM_138764.4 | BAX F | CATGTTTTCTGACGGCAACTTC | 107 |
| BAX R | AGGGCCTTGAGCACCAGTTT | ||||
| BCL2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 | NM_000657.2 | BCL2 F | GGTGGTGGAGGAGCTCTTCA | 92 |
| BCL2 R | TGACGCTCTCCACACACATGA | ||||
| GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase | NM_002046.3 | GAPDH F | CCACTCCTCCACCTTTGAC | 102 |
| GAPDH R | ACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCA | ||||
| SSBP1 | Single-stranded DNA-binding protein | NM_003143.1 | SSBP1 F | TGCTCGGGTTAGATCGTCAGGAAA | 175 |
| SSBP1 R | GCCCAAGTAAGTGCACACGATTCA | ||||
| POLG | Polymerase gamma, mt | NM_001126131.1 | POLG F | TGTCAACCAGAACTGGGAGCGTTA | 95 |
| POLG R | TGGCCAGATCCATCAACGACTTCT | ||||
| PEO1 | Progressive external ophthalmoplegia 1 | NM_001163812.1 | PEO1 F | ATTGTAGAAGGACGTGGACGCGAA | 123 |
| PEO1 R | TGCAGAGCTCACTCTAGGTGCATT | ||||
| TOP1mt | Topoisomerase DNA I, mt | NM_052963.1 | TOP1 F | TTATCCTACAACCGAGCCAACCGA | 115 |
| TOP1 R | TCTTTGCCTGGATCTTCGTCTGGA | ||||
| 7S DNA | 7S DNA, mt | NC_012920.1 | 7S DNA F | ATCAACTGCAACTCCAAAGCCACC | 184 |
| 7S DNA R | TGATTTCACGGAGGATGGTGGTCA | ||||
| 18S rRNA | 18S ribosomal RNA | NT_167214.1 | 18S rRNA F | GTAACCCGTTGAACCCCATT | 147 |
| 18S rRNA R | CCATCCAATCGGTAGTAGCG | ||||