Table 14.

Monitoring protocols relevant to addressing the potential impacts identified from the Impact decision tree and component decision trees for the case study of a scale 2 (~200 devices) jacketed wind turbine farm involving pile driving. Protocols in bold face represent those that uniquely address the Impact scenario and local concerns and should thus be prioritized for implementation.

benthic habitat and resources:
(Z1) Seabed scour and/or deposition
(Z2) Changes in benthic community composition
(Z3) Increase in hard bottom habitat
Fish and fisheries resources
(X1a) Trawl surveys
(X1b) Ventless trap surveys
(X2) Habitat alteration/community composition: micro-scale changes to abundance and distribution—finfish
(X3) Reef effects
(X5) Spatial use of fishing activity
Avian species
(V3) Aerial surveys using high-definition videography
(V4) Aerial surveys using digital still photography
(V5) Radar surveys
(V6) Visual surveys of flight ecology
(V11) Remote detection system
Marine mammals/sea turtles
(W1) Visual surveys
(W2) Passive acoustic monitoring
(W3) Marine mammal observers
(W4) Stranding response networks
(W5) Tagging
(W8) ROV surveys