Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of urinary MIF levels between APN patients with diabetes, renal dysfunction, or microbiological analysis.
| Clinical characteristics of APN patients | Number of cases | Without AKI | With AKI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-negative bacteriaa | 36 | 4.4 ± 3.5 | 16.5 ± 13.8 | 0.011 |
| E. coli | 27 | 4.0 ± 3.4 | 15.2 ± 11.6 | 0.013 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 | 4.1 ± 4.1 | 15.2 ± 8.7 | 0.024 |
| Renal dysfunction on arrivalb | 21 | 2.9 ± 2.4 | 17.0 ± 13.2 | 0.002 |
Urinary MIF levels (ng/mg) are expressed as the mean ± SD. AKI: acute kidney injury; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
aThe bacterial pathogens of APN were identified and proven as Gram-negative bacteria.
bThe patients who presented with renal dysfunction (defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 cm2) upon arrival at our emergency department were included.