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. 2012 Nov 16;2:166. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00166

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Copyright © Sauer and Klar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

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SSIS-predictions concerning embryo situs and survival rates of lrd mutants. Proposed laterality-generating asymmetric cell division is randomized in the lrd mutant. The future L/R axis is set by cytoplasmic polarization and alignment of a single cell with respect to the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral body axes. Sister chromatids containing a hypothetical “leftness-encoding” left-right axis-establishing gene 1 (lra1) are epigenetically differentiated. Normally, left-right dynein would selectively segregate older Watson template strand-containing sister chromatids harboring lra1 “ON” epialleles to the left body side, and older Crick template strand-containing sister chromatids harboring lra1 “OFF” epialleles to the right body side as described in Figure 1A. Randomized segregation due to left-right dynein mutation will result in three different outcomes shown here: 25% WW:CC cell pairs, causing normal situs development, 25% CC:WW cell pairs, causing development of situs inversus, and 50% WC:WC cell pairs, causing severe developmental situs abnormalities incompatible with survival.