Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 9.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011 May;11(4):451–464. doi: 10.2174/156800911795538066

Figure 2. Signaling pathway whereby tumor associated macrophages promote Wnt signaling in tumor cells.

Figure 2

Peripheral blood monocytes (Mo) were cultured with control medium or with conditioned medium from HCT116 or Hke-3 colon cells for 48 hours. As shown here, soluble factor(s) from HCT116 and Hke-3 cells induced maturation of normal peripheral blood monocytes (Mo), demonstrated by phalloidin/DAPI staining, coupled to the release of IL-1β. IL-1β, through activation of NF-κB, induced phosphorylation of PDK1 and AKT, which inactivates GSK3β, leading to enhanced β–catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity, and increased expression of Wnt target genes in tumor cells, including c-myc and c-jun (adapted from [65]).