Table 1. Demographic features and disease characteristics of culture-positive tuberculosis cases in Canada by drug susceptibility pattern of incident case isolate (1997–2008).
| Drug Susceptibility Pattern | OR (95% CI)† | |||||
| Characteristics | Total | Susceptible | Resistant non-MDR* | MDR | MDR vs Susceptible | Resistant non-MDR vs Susceptible |
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | |||
| No. Assessed | 15993 | 14582 | 1234 | 177 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 0–14 | 437 (2.7) | 416 (2.9) | 18 (1.5) | 3 (1.7) | 1.65 (0.31, 5.68) | 0.71 (0.41, 1.16) |
| 15–34 | 4992 (31.2) | 4454 (30.5) | 439 (35.6) | 99 (55.9) | 5.09 (3.05, 8.95) | 1.61 (1.37, 1.90) |
| 35–64 | 6176 (38.6) | 5594 (38.4) | 525 (42.5) | 57(32.2) | 2.33 (1.35, 4.22) | 1.53 (1.31, 1.80) |
| >64 | 4388 (27.4) | 4118 (28.2) | 252(20.4) | 18 (10.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 8784 (54.9) | 8035 (55.1) | 657 (53.2) | 92 (52.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 7209 (45.1) | 6547 (44.9) | 577 (46.8) | 85 (48.0) | 1.13 (0.83, 1.54) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) |
| Population Group | ||||||
| CBO | 2457 (15.4) | 2278 (15.6) | 170 (13.8) | 9 (5.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| CBA | 2601 (16.3) | 2539 (17.4) | 57 (4.6) | 5 (2.8) | 0.50 (0.13, 1.66) | 0.30 (0.22, 0.41) |
| FB | 10642 (66.5) | 9489 (65.1) | 990 (80.2) | 163 (92.1) | 4.35 (2.23, 9.69) | 1.40 (1.18, 1.67) |
| Unknown | 293 (1.8) | 276 (1.9) | 17 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0, 4.21) | 0.83 (0.43, 1.39) |
| Disease Type ‡ | ||||||
| New | 14409 (90.1) | 13206 (90.6) | 1091 (88.4) | 112 (63.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Retreatment | 1290 (8.1) | 1120 (7.7) | 115 (9.3) | 55 (31.1) | 5.79 (4.09, 8.11) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.52) |
| Unknown | 294 (1.8) | 256 (1.8) | 28 (2.3) | 10 (5.6) | 4.61 (2.12, 8.92) | 1.32 (0.86, 1.97) |
| Disease Site | ||||||
| Respiratory§ | 11949 (74.7) | 10914 (74.8) | 893 (72.4) | 142 (80.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-RespiratoryII | 2460 (15.4) | 2220 (15.2) | 214 (17.3) | 26 (14.7) | 0.90 (0.57. 1.38) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.38) |
| Unknown | 1584 (9.9) | 1448 (9.9) | 127 (10.3) | 9 (5.1) | 0.48 (0.21, 0.94) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) |
| HIV Status | ||||||
| Negative | 2844 (17.8) | 2628 (18.0) | 187 (15.2) | 29 (16.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Positive | 508 (3.2) | 455 (3.1) | 44 (3.6) | 9 (5.1) | 1.79 (0.74, 3.92) | 1.36 (0.94, 1.93) |
| Unknown | 12641 (79.0) | 11499 (78.9) | 1003 (81.3) | 139 (78.5) | 1.10 (0.73, 1.70) | 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) |
Abbreviations: No., number; vs, versus; MDR multidrug-resistant; OR odds ratio; CBA Canadian-born Aboriginal; CBO Canadian-born ‘other’; FB foreign-born; HIV human immunodeficiency virus.
*
Refers to resistance to one or more first-line drugs but not meeting the definition of MDR.
†
Confidence Intervals calculated using Fisher’s exact methods; ORs reaching statistical significance, based on non-overlapping 95% CIs are highlighted in italics.
‡
As defined by the Canadian Tuberculosis Standards (1).
§
includes primary, respiratory, and ‘other respiratory’.
II
includes peripheral lymph nodes, miliary, CNS and other non-respiratory.