Table 4. KEGG pathways with high G4-importance.
| KEGG Pathway ID | Pathway Description | % of High CF oand CQ o | No. of Gene | % of Gene with G4in TRR | P max of CQ o * | P max of CF o * |
| Cancer-related pathways | ||||||
| hsa05210 | Colorectal cancer | 57.9±4.5 | 62 | 86.3±2.2 | 6E-4 | 0.001 |
| hsa05211 | Renal cell carcinoma | 57.6±3.3 | 71 | 83.9±2.8 | 7E-4 | 0.003 |
| hsa05213 | Endometrial cancer | 56.9±3.7 | 52 | 84.8±3.1 | 0.019 | 0.037 |
| hsa05217 | Basal cell carcinoma | 53.7±2.9 | 55 | 93.8±1.3 | 4E-5 | 6E-6 |
| hsa05200 | Pathways in cancer | 53.5±1.3 | 327 | 82.5±1.4 | 3E-11 | 3E-11 |
| hsa05223 | Non-small cell lung cancer | 53.5±2.6 | 54 | 86.9±3.1 | 0.003 | 0.02 |
| Signaling pathways with promoter G4s in key components | ||||||
| hsa04340 | Hedgehog signaling pathway | 60.9±3.4 | 56 | 87.3±1.8 | 2E-4 | 1E-4 |
| hsa04370 | VEGF signaling pathway | 60.7±3.0 | 80 | 87.9±2.1 | 8E-6 | 1E-4 |
| hsa04010 | MAPK signaling pathway | 59.5±1.5 | 271 | 83.5±1.3 | 7E-16 | 1E-16 |
| hsa04310 | Wnt signaling pathway | 58.9±2.5 | 150 | 89.9±0.9 | 2E-12 | 4E-12 |
| Cell junction-related pathways | ||||||
| hsa04520 | Adherens junction | 67.0±4.2 | 72 | 81.3±1.6 | 2E-5 | 6E-5 |
| hsa04510 | Focal adhesion | 56.9±1.3 | 199 | 80.4±1.3 | 4E-8 | 8E-8 |
| hsa04810 | Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | 55.7±2.4 | 213 | 79.1±2.3 | 3E-6 | 2E-5 |
| hsa04530 | Tight junction | 53.9±2.1 | 129 | 77.0±1.8 | 8E-4 | 5E-4 |
| hsa04540 | Gap junction | 53.8±2.0 | 88 | 86.1±1.9 | 8E-5 | 6E-5 |
| Neural cell regulation-related pathways | ||||||
| hsa04724 | Glutamatergic synapse | 61.8±1.6 | 129 | 87.1±1.6 | 5E-9 | 7E-9 |
| hsa04360 | Axon guidance | 61.0±2.7 | 128 | 86.7±2.2 | 4E-9 | 4E-9 |
| hsa04720 | Long-term potentiation | 60.2±2.0 | 70 | 90.6±1.2 | 1E-6 | 8E-6 |
| hsa04722 | Neurotrophin signaling pathway | 55.6±2.1 | 125 | 88.9±1.9 | 4E-8 | 1E-7 |
| hsa04912 | GnRH signaling pathway | 55.5±1.3 | 104 | 85.9±1.7 | 1E-6 | 1E-6 |
| Bacterial infection-related pathways | ||||||
| hsa05130 | Pathogenic E.coli infection | 58.6±4.9 | 55 | 82.7±3.8 | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| hsa05131 | Shigellosis | 55.8±3.4 | 62 | 86.3±2.3 | 8E-5 | 2E-4 |
| hsa05100 | Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells | 54.5±2.8 | 71 | 82.4±3.7 | 0.006 | 0.01 |
| Heart function-related pathways | ||||||
| hsa05412 | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy | 60.0±3.5 | 73 | 80.1±3.5 | 0.004 | 0.01 |
| hsa05410 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 57.5±3.1 | 83 | 77.1±2.7 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| hsa05414 | Dilated cardiomyopathy | 57.2±3.1 | 90 | 78.2±2.8 | 0.009 | 0.02 |
| hsa04020 | Calcium signaling pathway | 54.4±2.1 | 178 | 83.1±1.5 | 5E-6 | 5E-6 |
| hsa04260 | Cardiac muscle contraction | 54.2±3.0 | 72 | 73.2±2.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| hsa04270 | Vascular smooth muscle contraction | 53.8±1.0 | 121 | 85.2±1.8 | 1E-7 | 9E-7 |
*
P max values are calculated by comparing the CQ o and CF o scores of genes from individual pathways with those from all transcripts without redundancy in each iteration by Wilcoxon rank sum test. P≤0.05 means the G4 abundance (CF o) or location significance (CQ o) of gene involved in the pathway is significantly different from those at genome level. For all pathways, no significant difference was found in CF o and CQ o values among iterations of each individual pathway (one-way ANOVA test, P≥0.05).