Figure 4.

Effect sizes and false positive error rates for Gaussian data with zero-correlation. From left to right are displayed: the mean correlation values; the 99.99% CIs (i.e., corrected for the 14 sample sizes) of the distance to the zero-correlation in the simulated Gaussian population; the false positive rate for Pearsons’ (blue), skipped Pearson’s (cyan), Spearman’s (red), skipped Spearman’s (magenta), and 20% bend (green) correlations for each type of simulation (Gaussian only, with univariate outliers, and with bivariate outliers). The Y-axis scales are different for data with bivariate outliers.