Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients enrolled with clinical meningitis
| Combined (N = 145)* | Bacterial meningitis (N = 17) | CM (N = 35) | TBM (N = 32) | Aseptic meningitis (N = 63) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 37 (13) | 38 (12) | 35 (11) | 40 (16) | 36 (12) |
| Female, n (%) | 73 (50) | 12 (71) | 16 (46) | 14 (44) | 32 (51) |
| HIV infected, n (%) | 116 (81) | 11 (65) | 34 (100) | 25 (81) | 48 (76) |
| Exam findings | |||||
| Temperature (°C), mean (SD) | 37.7 (1.2) | 38.1 (1.4) | 37.4 (1) | 37.8 (1.1) | 37.8 (1.2) |
| Abnormal temperature, n (%) | 64 (44) | 9 (47) | 10 (29) | 15 (47) | 31 (49) |
| Heart rate (beats/minute), mean (SD) | 98 (21) | 106 (22) | 90 (18) | 97 (21) | 100 (22) |
| Abnormal heart rate, n (%) | 78 (55) | 12 (71) | 15 (43) | 14 (47) | 37 (60) |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/minute), mean (SD) | 23 (8) | 30 (13) | 19 (3) | 22 (6) | 24 (8) |
| Abnormal respiratory rate, n (%) | 57 (41) | 12 (71) | 5 (15) | 10 (33) | 30 (50) |
| SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 109 (23) | 109 (20) | 113 (16) | 101 (23) | 110 (25) |
| DBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 68 (19) | 72 (16) | 74 (13) | 63 (16) | 67 (23) |
| GCS, mean (SD) | 12 (3) | 9 (4) | 13 (3) | 13 (2) | 12 (3) |
| Meningismus, n (%) | 64 (44) | 13 (77) | 18 (51) | 10 (31) | 25 (40) |
| Kernigs sign, n (%) | 24 (18) | 6 (43) | 8 (23) | 4 (13) | 8 (14) |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| WBC/μL, median (IQR) | 5,000 (3,275–7,600) | 6,800 (4,700–9,250) | 3,550 (2,800–4,400) | 4,200 (2,800–8,200) | 5,400 (3,300–8,900) |
| Abnormal WBC, n (%) | 42 (47) | 2 (15) | 13 (72) | 8 (53) | 20 (44) |
| HB, mean (SD) | 10 (4) | 11 (3) | 10 (3) | 7.7 (3.6) | 10 (5) |
| Glucose (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 119 (78) | 154 (68) | 109 (61) | 122 (107) | 114 (72) |
| Whole-blood lactate (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.1) | 4.2 (1.9) | 3.8 (2.0) | 3.6 (1.3) | 3.9 (2.5) |
| Malaria, n (%) | 10 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | 6 (10) |
| CSF findings | |||||
| Opening pressure (mmHg) | 22 (12) | 23 (11) | 30 (12) | 14 (7.6) | 21 (12) |
| CSF WBC/μL, median (IQR) | 10 (5–55) | 500 (150–2,240) | 15 (10–40) | 10 (5–30) | 10 (5–40) |
| CSF glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 46 (35) | 31 (37) | 34 (24) | 59 (46) | 50 (31) |
| CSF protein (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 44 (36) | 88 (26) | 40 (33) | 31 (27) | 40 (35) |
| CSF lactate (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 5.5 (4.5) | 14.2 (6.2) | 4.5 (1.8) | 3.7 (2.2) | 4.7 (2.9) |
DBP = diastolic blood pressure; GCS = Glasgow coma score; HB = hemoglobin; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
*
Two patients had TBM and CM.