Table 2.

Percent of home visits with episodes of pneumonia in children < 3 years of age, by household characteristics, April 2010–April 2011, Nyando District, Kenya

Household characteristic	Households with characteristic			Households without characteristic			Rate ratio*	95% CI
	Pneumonia episodes	Total visits	%	Pneumonia episodes	Total visits	%
Any upesi jiko use†	6	710	0.08	55	3232	1.7	0.51	0.21, 1.20
Consistent upesi jiko use‡	4	585	0.7	51	2473	2.1	0.33	0.13, 0.86§
Has cell phone	32	2776	1.2	29	1174	2.5	0.46	0.26, 0.84§
Has bicycle	37	2527	1.5	24	1423	1.7	0.85	0.47, 1.56
Iron roof on house	29	2307	1.3	28	1571	1.8	0.70	0.38, 1.30

^*Accounting for repeated measures.

^†Reported upesi jiko use in the past week versus reported 3-stone firepit use in the past week.

^‡Households that used an upesi jiko > 80% of visits versus households that only used the 3-stone firepit.

^§Statistically significant (P < 0.05).