Figure 3.

Dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) amelioration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–driven hyperpermeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) mediated by type I interferon (IFN) and CD73. HUVECs were grown to confluency in collagen-coated transwells and in some cases pre-treated with a combination of a blocking interferon-α (IFN-α) receptor monoclonal antibody (IFNAR mAb) and rB18R, an anti-CD73 blocking mAb (7G2), or a control Ab before stimulation with recombinant (r)IFN-β (500 U/mL) or DENV2 (multiplicity of infection [MOI] = 5). HUVEC monolayers were then treated with rTNF-α (2 ng/mL), and the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured 72 h later. Dark gray bars = DENV2 stimulation; light gray bars = rIFN-β stimulation; empty bars = uninfected cells. Values and error bars are mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared with control HUVECs treated with rTNF-α.