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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Placenta. 2012 Nov 12;34(1):42–49. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.10.008

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Model: Stimulation of intramembranous absorption by PBEF and VEGF. PBEF (1) induces the production of VEGF (2a) by both regions of the amnion. The reflected amnion may produce more VEGF than the placental amnion, as indicated by the “+” symbol. Simultaneous with VEGF secretion, the placental AEC up-regulates the expression of VEGFR2 while down-regulating VEGFR1 (2b). The functional result of these events is an increase in placental amnion permeability, thus allowing amniotic fluid efflux via paracellular or transcellular fluid transport mechanisms, and subsequent intramembranous absorption (3).