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. 2013 Jan 10;9(1):e1003175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003175

Figure 5. Genetic manipulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway.

Figure 5

(A) Global knockdown of OGT with two separate ogt-IR lines by tub-gal4 led to a delay in development to pupariation in larvae fed an LSD. (B) This delay was further enhanced in the presence of an HSD: in particular, knockdown of OGT by tub>ogt-IR1 led to lethality. (C) Heart-specific knockdown of OGT (gmh5-gal4) led to little or no effect on development rate in the presence of control food. (D) By contrast, heart-specific knockdown of OGT (gmh5>ogt-IR) led to a 1.5 day developmental delay in the presence of high dietary sucrose. (E) Heart-specific knockdown of OGT or GFAT decreased high sugar induced arrhythmia. Arrhythmia index was somewhat increased—though not statistically significantly— in flies with a heart-specific knockdown of OGT or GFAT flies raised in low sucrose diet compared to wild type controls. However, when raised on an HSD, heart-specific knockdown of OGT or GFAT led to decreased arrhythmia compared to wild type controls; especially for OGT knockdown flies, the decrease in arrhythmia index was significant (*P = 5.57E-08 by F-test). (F) Heart specific knockdown of GFAT or OGT did not alter fractional shortening. Fractional shortening of wild type controls, gmh5>gfat-IR flies and gmh5>ogt-IR2 flies are shown. Data represent means ± SE. (G) Heart period did not change in heart specific knockdown of GFAT or OGT flies raised on an HSD. However, when raised in low sucrose diet, they displayed increased heart period (*P = 0.02 for both GFAT or OGT knockdown by t-test). (H) Diastolic interval did not change in heart specific knockdown of GFAT or OGT flies raised on an HSD. However, when raised in low sucrose diet, they showed increase of diastolic interval (*P = 0.03 for GFAT knockdown and 0.04 for OGT knockdown by t-test). (I) Systolic interval did not change in heart specific knockdown of GFAT or OGT flies raised on an LSD or HSD. (J) Diastole did not change in heart specific knockdown of GFAT or OGT flies raised on an LSD or HSD. (K) Systole did not change in heart specific knockdown of GFAT or OGT flies raised on an LSD or HSD. See also Videos S7, S8, S9.