Figure 2. Transcriptome analysis of the fatbody of gregarious and solitary locusts before and after infection.

The abundance and differential expression of transcripts were detected by software packages of Trinity and DEGseq respectively after assembling reference transcripts from raw reads from illumine Truseq experiments. (A) Hierarchical cluster analysis of fatbody transcripts that were significantly regulated (P<0.001, q-value<0.05) in at least two samples of four experimental conditions, and two phase locusts displayed distinct response to fungal infection. Heatmap was calculated by implement package of Trinity software. (B) Differential expressed transcripts (P<0.001, q-value<0.05) were classed by function (blast2go 1.0E-6). GC: fatbody sample of control gregarious locusts; SC: fatbody sample of control solitary locusts; GI: fatbody sample of gregarious locust infected by M. anisopliae; SI: fatbody sample of solitary locusts infected by M. anisopliae. IMM: immune defenses; MET: metabolism functions; OTHER: other biological process including unidentified. (C) Venn diagram representing unique and shared transcriptome regulation of prophylactic immunity and responsiveness of the two phases of locust to M. anisopliae (D) Prophylactically presented immune molecules of gregarious locust were showed as red in schematic immune pathways of resistance to fungal infection. PRPs: pattern recognition proteins; SP: serine protease; proPAP: pro-phenoloxidase activating proteinase; PPAE: proPO activating enzyme; PO: phenoloxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; Serpins: serine protease inhibitors; Grass: Gram-positive Specific Serine protease; SPE: Spätzle-processing enzyme; PSH: Persephone; PR1: fungal virulence protease PR1.