Table 5. Estimates of the sensitivity of rK39 RDTs to detect Leishmania infantum infection in dogs.
Country | Study design1 | Supplier2 | Reference test | Number of dogs | rK39 RDT % (95% CI) | ELISA4 % | IFAT % | Ref. |
China | XS | Corixa | Smear | 3 | 100 (43.9–100) | - | - | [13] |
Brazil | XS | Intersep | PCR or ELISA | 74 | 71.6 (60.5–80.6) | - | - | [14] |
Mediterranean | CC | Diamed | Culture or PCR | 47 | 80.9 (67.5–89.6) | 100 | 68 | [18] |
Turkey | XS | Intersep | ELISA | 15 | 86.7 (62.1–96.3) | - | 100 | [20] |
Iran | XS | Cypress | DAT | 26 | 38.5 (22.4–57.5) | - | - | [21] |
Brazil | CC | Inbios | Smear | 76 | 82.9 (72.9–89.7) | 95 | - | [22] |
Argentina | XS | Inbios | PCR | 51 | 64.7 (51.0–76.4) | - | 65.4 | [25] |
Brazil | XS3 | Inbios | IFAT | 23 | 13.0 (4.5–32.1) | - | - | [27] |
China | XS | Inbios | PCR or ELISA | 62 | 14.5 (7.8–25.3) | 59 | - | [28] |
Brazil | Cohort | Inbios | PCR or ELISA | 54 | 46.3 (33.7–59.4) | 85 | - | this study |
Combined | 59.3 (37.9–77.6) |
CC – case-control; XS – cross-sectional;
Inbios International Inc, WA, USA; Corixa, USA; Cypress Diagnostic Company, Belgium; Intersep DiaSys Europe Ltd; Diamed AG, Switzerland;
data from first time-point of a cohort study;
crude antigen.