Table 2.
Association between studied variables with disease-free and overall survival times
|
Variable |
Animals |
Recurrence or distant metastases |
Mean DFS time in months |
Р* |
Dead or euthanized dogs |
Mean OS time in months |
Р* |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | (± SE) | N | % | (± SE) | |||
|
Total |
85 |
100 |
26 |
30.6 |
5.3 (5.7) |
|
22 |
25.8 |
11.9 (7.6) |
|
|
Animal factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weight (kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| <10 |
27 |
31.8 |
7 |
25.9 |
19.6 (1.6) |
|
6 |
22.2 |
21.7 (1.2) |
|
| 10-23 |
39 |
45.9 |
11 |
28.2 |
18.3 (1.5) |
|
10 |
25.6 |
20.0 (1.2) |
|
| >23 |
19 |
22.3 |
8 |
42.1 |
15.8 (2.2) |
|
6 |
31.6 |
19.2 (1.8) |
|
|
Spayed |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| No |
72 |
84.7 |
21 |
29.2 |
18.4 (1.1) |
|
17 |
23.6 |
20.7 (0.8) |
|
| Yes |
13 |
15.3 |
5 |
38.5 |
16.8 (2.7) |
|
5 |
38.5 |
19.3 (1.9) |
|
|
Hormonal therapyb |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| No |
74 |
90.2 |
23 |
31.1 |
18.0 (1.1) |
|
19 |
25.7 |
20.5 (0.8) |
|
| Yes |
8 |
9.8 |
2 |
25.0 |
19.5 (2.9) |
|
2 |
25.0 |
20.7 (2.4) |
|
|
Tumour factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ulceration |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| No |
74 |
87.1 |
21 |
28.4 |
18.6 (1.0) |
|
17 |
23.0 |
21.0 (0.8) |
|
| Yes |
11 |
12.9 |
5 |
45.5 |
14.6 (3.2) |
|
5 |
45.5 |
16.6 (2.8) |
|
|
Size |
|
|
|
|
|
0.027 |
|
|
|
0.016 |
| < 3 cm |
47 |
55.3 |
10 |
21.3 |
20.3 (1.1) |
|
8 |
17.0 |
22.1 (0.8) |
|
| ≥ 3 cm |
38 |
44.7 |
16 |
42.1 |
15.5 (1.7) |
|
14 |
36.8 |
18.3 (1.3) |
|
|
Necrosis |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| No |
25 |
29.4 |
7 |
28.0 |
18.3 (1.9) |
|
7 |
28.0 |
20.1 (1.5) |
|
| Yes |
60 |
70.6 |
19 |
31.2 |
18.0 (1.2) |
|
15 |
25.0 |
20.5 (0.9) |
|
|
Squamous metaplasia |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| No |
62 |
72.9 |
19 |
30.1 |
18.1 (1.2) |
|
17 |
27.4 |
20.5 (0.9) |
|
| Yes |
23 |
27.1 |
7 |
30.4 |
18.1 (1.9) |
|
5 |
21.7 |
20.4 (1.6) |
|
|
Mode of growth |
|
|
|
|
|
0.007 |
|
|
|
0.022 |
| Expansive |
24 |
28.2 |
2 |
8.3 |
22.6 (0.9) |
|
2 |
8.3 |
23.3 (0.7) |
|
| Invasive |
61 |
71.8 |
24 |
39.3 |
16.4 (1.3) |
|
20 |
32.8 |
19.3 (0.9) |
|
|
Histological type |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
0.023 |
| Complex carcinomas |
20 |
23.5 |
4 |
20.0 |
20.7 (1.6) |
|
2 |
10.0 |
23.6 (0.3) |
|
| Simple carcinomas |
51 |
60.0 |
15 |
29.4 |
18.5 (1.3) |
|
13 |
25.5 |
20.6 (0.9) |
|
| Others |
14 |
16.5 |
7 |
50.0 |
13.1 (2.9) |
|
7 |
50.0 |
15.4 (2.4) |
|
|
Mitotic index |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| 0-9/10hpf |
36 |
42.4 |
10 |
27.8 |
18.6 (1.5) |
|
9 |
25.0 |
20.9 (1.2) |
|
| 10-19/10hpf |
25 |
29.4 |
6 |
24.0 |
18.9 (1.8) |
|
4 |
16.0 |
21.2 (1.3) |
|
| ≥ 20/10hpf |
24 |
28.2 |
10 |
41.7 |
16.7 (1.9) |
|
9 |
37.5 |
19.1 (1.4) |
|
|
Histological grade |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
0.025 |
| I + II |
58 |
68.2 |
14 |
24.1 |
19.3 (1.1) |
|
11 |
19.0 |
21.8 (0.8) |
|
| III |
27 |
31.8 |
12 |
44.4 |
15.5 (1.9) |
|
11 |
40.7 |
17.7 (1.6) |
|
|
RLN metastasesa |
|
|
|
|
|
0.017 |
|
|
|
0.005 |
| No |
47 |
71.2 |
10 |
21.3 |
20.2 (1.1) |
|
8 |
17.0 |
22.2 (0.7) |
|
| Yes |
19 |
28.8 |
9 |
47.4 |
14.6 (2.4) |
|
9 |
47.4 |
17.3 (2.1) |
|
|
Cancer cells |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MIB1 L.I. (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| < 40 |
47 |
55.3 |
7 |
14.9 |
21.1 (1.03) |
|
6 |
12.8 |
22.8 (0.7) |
|
| ≥ 40 |
38 |
44.7 |
19 |
50.0 |
14.4 (1.66) |
|
16 |
42.1 |
17.5 (1.4) |
|
|
TIMP-2 (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| < 25 |
32 |
37.6 |
7 |
21.9 |
19.7 (1.5) |
|
5 |
15.6 |
21.6 (1.1) |
|
| ≥ 25 |
53 |
62.4 |
19 |
35.8 |
17.1 (1.3) |
|
17 |
32.1 |
19.7 (1.0) |
|
|
VEGF-A (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
NS |
|
|
|
NS |
| < 50 |
47 |
55.3 |
14 |
29.8 |
18.4 (1.3) |
|
10 |
21.3 |
21.1 (0.9) |
|
| ≥ 50 |
38 |
44.7 |
12 |
31.6 |
17.7 (1.5) |
|
12 |
31.6 |
19.7 (1.0) |
|
|
Stromal cells |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
uPA (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
0.016 |
|
|
|
0.012 |
| < 10 |
25 |
29.4 |
3 |
12.0 |
21.9 (1.1) |
|
2 |
8.0 |
23.5 (0.4) |
|
| ≥ 10 |
60 |
70.6 |
23 |
38.3 |
16.5 (1.3) |
|
20 |
33.3 |
19.1 (1.0) |
|
|
MMP-9 (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| < 50 |
54 |
63.5 |
9 |
16.7 |
20.9 (0.9) |
|
8 |
14.8 |
22.5 (0.7) |
|
| ≥ 50 | 31 | 36.5 | 17 | 54.8 | 13.2 (1.9) | 14 | 45.2 | 16.7 (1.5) | ||
a Lymph nodes were not submitted in 19 cases.
b The information regarded hormonal therapy was impossible to obtain in three cases.
*Log Rank test.
NS – not significant.