Figure 1. Innate responses of cord blood pDCs to viruses.

Adult or neonatal whole blood (WB) (A and C), mononuclear cells (MNC) (A and C) or purified pDCs (A–C) were stimulated with CpGA (50 µg/ml for WB, 5 µg/ml for others in A), live IAV (1000 HAU/ml for WB, 10 HAU/ml for others), heat-inactivated IAV (HI-IAV in C) live HIV (10⁵ infected T cells in A) and live HSV-1 (10⁶ pfu/ml in A) for 24 hrs. Plasma or supernatants were collected and tested for IFN-α (A and C) or TNF-α, CCL3 and CCL4 (B). NA: non applicable. The number of donors is indicated for each group (n) as well as P values for adults and neonates comparison. In B, n = 8 for adult and n = 7 for neonates.