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. 2013 Jan 10;8(1):e52797. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052797

Table 8. Biological activities of active principles present in different root extracts of R. imbricate.

Phyto-chemotypes Biological activity
Eicosen-1-ol, cis-9 Antimalarial, antifungal, antioxidant
1-Tricosanol Antibacterial, antifungal
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z,Z,Z) 5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor, antiMS, antiacne, antialopecic, antianaphylactic, antiandrogenic, antiarteriosclerotic, antiarthritc, anticoronary, antieczemic, antifibrinolytic, antigranular, antihistaminic, antiinflammatory, antileukotriene-D4, antimenorrhagic, antiprostatitic, cancer-preventive, carcinogenic, comedolytic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulator, insectifuge, metastatic, nematicide, propecic
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Antiinflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, cancer preventive, hepatoprotective, nematicide, insectifuge, antihistaminic, antieczemic, antiacne, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor antiandrogenic, antiarthritic, anticoronary, insectifuge
Ascaridole Analgesic, ancylostomicide, anthelmintic, antiflatulent, antimalarial, carcinogenic, carminative, fungicide, nematicide, pesticide, plasmodicide, sedative, transdermal, trypanocide, vermifuge
Borneol (-)-Chronotropic, (-)-inotropic, allelochemic, analgesic, antiacetylcholine, antibacterial, antibronchitic, antiescherichic, antifeedant, antiinflammatory, antiotitic, antipyretic, antisalmonella, antispasmodic, antistaphylococcic, antiyeast, CNS-stimulant, CNS-toxic, candidicide, choleretic, flavor; fungicide, hepatoprotective, herbicide, herbicide, inhalant, insect-repellent, insectifuge, irritant, myorelaxant, nematicide, perfumery, pesticide, sedative, tranquilizer
Campesterol Antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic
Camphor Allelopathic, analgesica, anesthetic, antiacne, antidiarrheic, antidysenteric, antiemetic, antifeedant, antifibrositic, antineuralgic, antipruritic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, CNS-stimulant, cancer preventive, carminative, convulsant, cosmetic, counterirritant, decongestant, deliriant, ecbolic, emetic, epileptigenic, expectorant, fungicide, herbicide, insect-repellent, insectifuge, irritant, nematicide, occuloirritant, P450-2B1-inhibitor, pesticide, respirainhibitor, respirastimulant, rubefacient, stimulant, transdermal, verrucolytic, vibriocide
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24S) Androgenic, angiogenic, anorexic, antiadenomic, antiandrogenic, antibacterial, anticancer (breast), anticancer (cervix), anticancer (lung), antiedemic, antiestrogenic, antifeedant, antifertility, antigonadotrophic, antihyperlipoproteinaemic, antiinflammatory, antileukemic, antilymphomic, antimutagenic, antiophidic, antioxidant, antiprogestational, antiprostaglandin, antiprostatadenomic, antiprostatitic, antipyretic, antitumor (breast), antitumor (cervix), antitumor (lung), antiviral, apoptotic, artemicide, cancer-preventive, candidicide, caspase-8-inducer, estrogenic, febrifuge, gonadotrophic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, pesticide, spermicide, ubiquiot, ulcerogenic
Di-butyl phthalate Antimicrobial, Antifouling
Dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy Flavor
Eucalyptol Anesthetic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antihalitosic, antiseptic, antitussive, decongestant, expectorant, hypotensive, insectifuge, irritant, pesticide, vermicide
α-D-Glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl Preservative
Hexadecanoic acid Antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, nematicide, pesticide, lubricant, antiandrogenic, flavor, hemolytic 5-alpha reductase inhibitor
Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester Antioxidant, nematicide, pesticide, lubricant, antiandrogenic, flavor, hemolytic 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, hypocholesterolemic
Linalyl isovalerate Fragrance
Oleic acid 5-Alpha-reductase-inhibitor, allergenic, anemiagenic, antialopecic, antiandrogenic, antiinflammatory, antileukotriene-D4; cancer-preventive, choleretic, dermatitigenic, flavor, hypocholesterolemic, insectifuge, irritant, percutaneostimulant, perfumery, propecic
1-Pentatriacontane Herbistat
Stigmast-4-en-3-one Antiprostatitic
Stigmast-3,5-dien-7-one Antifertility
Thujone Abortifacient, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cerebrodepressant, convulsant, counterirritant, emmenagogue, epileptigenic, hallucinogenic, herbicide, neurotoxic, perfumery, pesticide, respirainhibitor, toxic
β-Fenchyl alcohol Antimicrobial, antioxidant, flavor
δ-Tocopherol 5-HETE-inhibitor, allergenic, analgesic, antiMD, antiMS, antiPMS, antiaggregant, antiaging, antialzheimeran, antianginal, antiarteriosclerotic, antiarthritic, antiatherosclerotic, antibronchitic, anticancer (breast), anticariogenic, anticataract, antichorea, antichoreic, anticonvulsant, anticoronary, antidecubitic, antidementia, antidermatitic, antidiabetic, antidysmenorrheic, antiepitheleomic, antifibrositic, antiglycosation, antiherpetic, antiinfertility, antiinflammatory, antiischemic, antileukemic, antileukotriene, antilithic, antilupus, antimaculitic, antimastalgic, antimelanomic, antimyoclonic, antineuritic, antineuropathic, antinitrosaminic, antiophthalmic, antiosteoarthritic, antioxidant, antiparkinsonian, antiproliferant, antiradicular, antiretinopathic, antirheumatic, antisenility, antisickling, antispasmodic, antisterility, antistroke, antisunburn, antisyndrome-X, antithalassemic, antithrombotic, antithromboxane-B2, antitoxemic, antitumor; antitumor (breast), antitumor (colorectal), antitumor (prostate), antitumor (stomach), antiulcerogenic, apoptotic, calcium-antagonist, cancer-preventive, cardioprotective, cerebroprotective, circulatory-stimulant, circulotonic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, immunomodulator, immunostimulant, insulin-sparing, lipoxygenase-inhibitor, NO-inhibitor, ornithine-decarboxylase-inhibitor, P21-inducer, phospholipase-A2-inhibitor, protein-kinase-C-inhibitor, vasodilator