Table 4.
Associations of night-time sleep duration with all-cause mortality in men and women
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Night-time sleep duration (hours) |
No. of deaths | HR (95% CI) |
p-value | HR (95% CI) |
p-value | HR (95% CI) |
p-value |
| Men | |||||||
| <6 (n=55) | 42 | 1.10 (0.79–1.55) |
0.57 | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) |
0.83 | 0.98 (0.673–1.43) |
0.92 |
| 6.0 – 6.9 (n=137) | 101 | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) |
0.30 | 1.12 (0.85–1.46) |
0.43 | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) |
0.41 |
| 7.0 – 7.9 (n=248) | 164 | 1.0 (reference) |
- | 1.0 (reference) |
- | 1.0 (reference) |
- |
| 8.0 – 8.9 (n=330) | 229 | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) |
0.89 | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) |
0.86 | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) |
0.85 |
| ≥9.0 (n=119) | 96 | 1.18 (0.92–1.52) |
0.19 | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) |
0.64 | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) |
0.55 |
| Women | |||||||
| <6 (n=115) | 65 | 1.07 (0.79–1.44) |
0.67 | 1.06 (0.76–1.46) |
0.75 | 1.11 (0.77–1.60) |
0.59 |
| 6.0 – 6.9 (n=225) | 124 | 1.19 (0.93–1.52) |
0.17 | 1.03 (0.79–1.36) |
0.82 | 1.17 (0.85–1.61) |
0.33 |
| 7.0 – 7.9 (n=282) | 128 | 1.0 (reference) |
- | 1.0 (reference) |
- | 1.0 (reference) |
- |
| 8.0 – 8.9 (n=382) | 202 | 1.19 (0.95–1.49) |
0.12 | 1.21 (0.95–1.59) |
0.12 | 1.19 (0.90–1.57) |
0.23 |
| ≥9.0 (n=108) | 73 | 1.50 (1.12–2.00) |
0.006 | 1.40 (1.02–1.94) |
0.04 | 1.51 (1.05–2.18) |
0.03 |
Time-to-event Cox proportional hazards survival models
HR (95% CI): Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval)
Model 1: adjusted for age
Model 2: adjusted for age, nap duration, Beck Depression Inventory (only in men), education (only in men), exercise (only in men), smoking (only in women), alcohol consumption, and medical history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer
Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 plus use of sleep-related medications (sedating antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, and hypnotics) and postmenopausal estrogen (only in women)