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. 2012 Dec 3;2(12):e52. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2012.25

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Potential mechanisms by which TNF-α- and IL-1β-stimulated adipocytes induce PAI-1 and fibrinogen production by liver cells: TNF-α stimulation leads to a strong increase in IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression in adipocytes, which may ultimately lead to elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the conditioned medium. IL-1β and IL-6 thereafter stimulate the production of, respectively, PAI-1 and fibrinogen in hepatocytes after incubation with the adipocyte CM. Stimulation with IL-1β will also lead to an enhanced adipocyte IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression. The increase of IL-1β gene expression by IL-1β is less potent than TNF-α, however. Stimulation of adipocytes with IL-1β may thus lead to enhanced production of PAI-1 and fibrinogen in hepatocytes after incubation with adipocyte CM.