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. 2013 Jan 11;3:1053. doi: 10.1038/srep01053

Figure 4. Climatic forcing of major Eurasian riverine inputs.

Figure 4

(a) The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) wintertime indices (DJFM: Dec-Jan-Feb-Mar) in relation to the combined discharge anomaly of the Yenisei, Lena and Ob rivers between 2002 and 2009. High NAO and AO indices are typically associated with higher precipitation over Northern Eurasia. River discharge is calculated as the cumulative discharge from May 1 to August 30, and the anomaly is relative to the 2002–2009 average. (b) Average S275–295 values for surface waters of the Kara Sea in relation to the combined discharge of the Yenisei and Ob rivers between 2002 and 2009. The S275–295 values for the Kara Sea were calculated as the average value in the region displayed in panel (c). River discharge is calculated as the cumulative discharge from May 1 to August 30. (c) Distributions of riverine inputs during high (2002) and low (2005) discharge years. The years correspond to low and high average S275–295 values observed in the Kara Sea between 2002 and 2009. The S275–295 algorithm was implemented using MODIS Aqua ocean color data averaged from May to October. The Yenisei and Ob rivers are labeled (1) and (3), respectively.