Table 5.
Results of multilevel analyses incorporating a random intercept for clustering of patients within general practitioners.
| Model | Constant | βdepression* (SE) | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude model | 493 | 539 (41) | 469; 634 |
| Only group included | |||
| Model 1 | 521 | 548 (42) | 473; 642 |
| Crude model + age, sex | |||
| Model 2 | 544 | 542 (43) | 461; 634 |
| Model 1 + type of insurance | |||
| Model 3 | 490 | 540 (43) | 459; 634 |
| Model 2 + diabetes treatment | |||
| Model 4 | 370 | 408 (42) | 331; 494 |
| Model 3 + comorbidity1 | |||
| Model 5 | 365 | 463 (42) | 386; 554 |
| Model 3 + comorbidity in three categories2 |
* Difference in total annual costs between depressed patients with diabetes and non-depressed patients with diabetes
1 Limited set of selected comorbidities yes or no: coronary and peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, rheumatologic conditions, hyperlipidemia, cardiac disease, peptic acid disease, respiratory illness, pain and inflammation, pain, and anxiety and tension.
2 No comorbidity, 1 or 2 comorbid conditions, and 3 or more comorbid conditions