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. 2012 Nov 22;3(11):e429. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2012.167

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Copyright © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

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JNK inhibition induces accumulation of electron-dense structures. Conventional ultrastructural analysis of U937 cells either treated or untreated with TN (1 μM) in the presence or absence of SP600125 (insets 1–10). Cells treated with TN for 20 h (inset 2) showed, in comparison to control (inset 1), dilated ER and cytoplasmic vacuolizations corresponding to typical acidic compartments, ranging from endosomes to lysosomes (inset 2, arrow) and including autophagic vacuoles (inset 5) and autolysosomes (inset 8). Cells exposed for 20 h to both TN and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (5 mM) showed only dilated ER (inset 3). Pharmacological inhibition of JNK with SP600125 (10 μM) in TN-treated cells increased the accumulation of electron-dense autolysosomal structures (inset 4) and autophagic vacuoles at 14 h (inset 4, 6 and 7). Apoptotic bodies were evident at 20 h treatment (inset 9 and 10). Bars: 1 mm for insets 1–4 and 0.1 mm for insets 5–8. The histogram shows the quantitative analysis of the experiment in insets 1–10, performed by counting electron-dense autolysosomes in 30 different cells for each treatment. Values are means±S.D.