Caspase overactivation occurs upon Ca2+ mobilization induced by I-Trp in HEK-293 cells. (a) Cells were treated with 1 μM TG for 24 h. After the incubation period, the cell lysates were collected and analyzed using a caspase activity assay. (b) The cells were pre-treated with DTL at the indicated concentrations before the treatment with 5 μM I-Trp. The activity levels of caspase-2, caspase-3/7, caspase-4, caspase-5, caspase-8 and caspase-10 were assessed 24 h after I-Trp treatment. The results in (a) and (b) are the mean of three independent experiments. Values shown represent the mean±S.D. The symbols ‘*', ‘**' and ‘***' denote statistical significance at P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively