Table 1.
Characteristics of participants who were categorized as obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) based on BMI criteria
| Variable | BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (n=1079) |
BMI <30 kg/m2 (n=1774) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age,years(mean ± SE) | 58.0(0.7) | 62.7(0.7) | <0.001 |
| Male gender,%(95% CI) | 43.6(39.6, 47.5) | 42.6(39.8, 45.3) | 0.68 |
| Race,%(95% CI) | <0.001 | ||
| Non-hispanic White | 68.5(63.9, 73.1) | 74.7(71.0, 78.5) | |
| Non-hispanic black | 14.6(11.5, 17.7) | 9.0(7.0, 11.0) | |
| Mexican American | 6.5(4.5, 8.5) | 5.5(3.8, 7.1) | |
| Other Hispanic | 6.2(3.3, 9.1) | 4.6(2.2, 7.0) | |
| Other | 4.2(2.0, 6.4) | 6.2(4.4, 8.0) | |
| Household Income,%(95% CI) | |||
| < $ 20,000 | 29.4(25.7, 33.2) | 27.1(23.2, 31.0) | 0.55 |
| $20,000 - $44,999 | 34.4(29.9, 38.9) | 34.0(30.8, 37.1) | |
| $45,000 - $74,999 | 19.5(15.3, 23.7) | 22.7(18.9, 26.5) | |
| ≥ $75,000 | 16.7(12.9, 20.6) | 16.3(13.2, 19.4) | |
| Diabetes,%(95% CI) | 28.1(24.8, 31.3) | 16.1(13.8, 18.4) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac disease,%(95% CI) | 13.1(10.8, 15.5) | 16.1(13.6, 18.6) | 0.09 |
| Hyperlipidemia,%(95% CI) | 68.9(65.0, 72.7) | 68.4(65.6, 71.3) | 0.83 |
| Smoking,%(95% CI) | 16.1(13.5, 18.8) | 19.6(17.1, 22.0) | 0.052 |
| BMI(kg/m2)(mean ± SE) | 35.9(0.3) | 25.2(0.1) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference(cm)(mean ± SE) | 115.6(0.6) | 92.4(0.3) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2(mean ± SE) | 75.1(1.1) | 71.2(1.0) | 0.003 |
| CKD stage(%,95%CI) | <0.001 | ||
| Stages 1-2* | 58.8(54.7, 63.0) | 49.3(46.0, 52.6) | |
| Stage 3a(eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 29.1(25.2, 32.9) | 36.9(34.1, 39.7) | |
| Stage 3b(eGFR 30-45 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 9.4(7.2, 11.6) | 11.6(9.9, 13.2) | |
| Stages 4(eGFR 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 2.7(1.7, 3.7) | 2.3(1.5, 3.1) | |
| UACR(mg/g)(mean ± SE) | 191.2(23.7) | 137.7(11.3) | 0.033 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (albumin <4g/dl) | 27.1(24.0, 30.3) | 17.7(15.1, 20.2) | <0.001 |
| Anemia (%, 95% CI) | 11.0(8.8, 13.1) | 12.7(10.4, 15.1) | 0.23 |
| Metabolic acidosis(serum bicarbonate <21 mmol/l)(%, 95% CI) |
7.3(4.7, 10.0) | 5.8(4.0, 7.6) | 0.29 |
| SHPT(PTH >70 pg/ml)(%, 95% CI) | 22.2(18.0, 26.3) | 17.8(14.2, 21.5) | 0.11 |
| Hyperphosphatemia(serum phosphorus >4.5 mg/dl)(%, 95% CI) |
5.8(3.9, 7.8) | 6.1(4.6, 7.6) | 0.80 |
| Hypertension(%,95%CI) | 70.6(66.8, 74.4) | 57.9(54.9, 60.9) | 0.11 |
| CRP(mean ± SE) | 0.7(0.04) | 0.5 (0.04) | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index, WC: Waist Circumference, SE: standard error, UACR: urine albumin to creatinine ratio, SHPT: secondary hyperparathyroidism;
*
- Stage 1-2 CKD includes those with eGFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and micro or macroalbuminuria.