Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of risk factors for severe pneumonia in a group of children aged 2-59 months in western Kenya

Variables	Cases Number (Column Percent%)	Controls Number (Column Percent%)	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)	P value
Exclusive Breastfeeding for 6 months
Yes	58 (56.3)	64 (64.0)	0.73 (0.41-1.27)	0.33
No	45 (43.7)	36 (36.0)	Ref
Initial Action on the Illness
Visited herbalist	23 (22.3)	8 (7.8)	3.41 (1.45-8.05)	0.01
Visited health facility/pharmacy	80 (77.7)	95 (92.2)	Ref
Hospitalized with Diarrhea in the Last 6 Months
Yes	23 (22.3)	12 (11.7)	2.18 (1.01-4.66)	0.06
No	80 (77.7)	91 (88.3)	Ref
Has Comorbidity
Yes	19 (18.4)	7 (6.8)	3.10 (1.24-7.74)	0.02
No	84 (81.6)	96 (93.2)	Ref
Has Malnutrition
Yes	8 (7.8)	1 (1.0)	8.59 (1.05-69.9)	0.04
No	95 (92.2)	102 (99.0)	Ref
Has Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Yes	8 (7.8)	6 (5.8)	1.36 (0.46-4.07)	0.78
No	95 (92.2)	97 (94.2)	Ref
Contact with Member of Household with upper respiratory tract infection
Yes	24 (23.3)	10 (9.7)	2.82 (1.27-6.26)	0.01
No	79 (76.7)	93 (90.3)	Ref
Vaccination Status Appropriate for Age
Yes	75 (73.5)	76 (76.0)	0.88 (0.46-1.66)	0.81
No	27 (26.5)	24 (24.0)	Ref
Household Fuel
Liquefied Petroleum Gas	17 (16.5)	27 (26.2)	0.56 (0.28-1.09)	0.13
Non Liquefied Petroleum Gas	86 (83.5)	76 (73.8)	Ref
Delayed 3 or more days in Seeking Care from Health Facility
Yes	71 (68.9)	45 (43.7)	2.86 (1.62-5.06)	0.01
No	32 (31.1)	58 (56.3)
Nearest Health Facility More Than 5 kilometres away
Yes	72 (69.9)	58 (56.3)	1.80 (1.01-3.19)	0.06
No	31 (30.1)	45 (43.7)	Ref
Received Antibiotic at Home
Yes	15 (14.6)	32 (31.1)	0.38 (0.19-0.75)	0.01
No	88 (85.4)	71 (68.9)	Ref
Refusal to Feed as Part of Symptoms
Yes	67 (65.0)	51 (49.5)	1.90 (1.08-3.32)	0.03
No	36 (35.0)	52 (50.5)	Ref