Fig. 4.

Deletion of exsE results in loss of adhesion. The indicated strains were used to infect HeLa cell monolayers for 30 min. Slides were washed to remove non-adherent bacteria and stained using Diff-Quik. (a) Representative fields for each strain are shown here (63×). Bar, 20 µm. (b) Attached bacteria were enumerated by direct count and the reported values represent the mean±sem for three biological replicates. Asterisks, statistically significant difference in mean value compared with wild-type NY-4 by one-way ANOVA (P<0.05).