TABLE 2.

Anthropometric characteristics relative to WHO growth charts at age 1 y among infants born in Shanghai, Cincinnati, and Mexico City¹

	Shanghai	Cincinnati	Mexico City	Omnibus P value2
n	104	92	89
WAZ	0.87 ± 0.09a	0.16 ± 0.10b	−0.51 ± 0.10c	<0.001
LAZ	0.54 ± 0.10a	−0.21 ± 0.10b	−1.04 ± 0.11c	<0.001
Prevalence of stunting3	0 (0.0)b	4 (4.4.)b	14 (15.7)a	<0.001
WFLZ	0.85 ± 0.10a	0.35 ± 0.09b	−0.01 ± 0.10c	<0.001
Prevalence of wasting3	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.3)	0.10
BMIZ	0.78 ± 0.09a	0.38 ± 0.09b	0.13 ± 0.10b	<0.001
Prevalence of overweight3	10 (9.6)	2 (2.2)	3 (3.4)	0.05
HCZ	0.61 ± 0.09a	0.06 ± 0.10b	0.17 ± 0.11b	<0.001
ACZ	0.51 ± 0.09a	0.04 ± 0.12b	0.19 ± 0.10ab	0.004

¹Values are mean ± SEM for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables, n = 285. ACZ, arm circumference-for-age Z-score; BMIZ, BMI-for-age Z-score; HCZ, head circumference-for-age Z-score; LAZ, length-for-age Z-score; WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score; WFLZ, weight-for-length Z-score. Means or percentages in a row without a common letter differ, P < 0.017.

²P values from omnibus comparisons across cohort, from ANOVA or χ² tests with 2 df.

³Definition of categorical variables: stunting, LAZ <−2; wasting, WFLZ <−2; overweight, BMIZ >+2.