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. 2013 Jan 9;33(2):804–813. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3729-12.2013

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Toluene vapor enhances the AMPA/NMDA ratio in mesoaccumbens core and medial shell DA neurons. A, Retrograde tracer injections into the NAcc result in retrobead expression in midbrain dopamine neurons. Left panels, Serial sections of both brain regions with a heat map of retrobead locations from 6 subjects. Values indicate distance from bregma (mm). Right panels, An example of retrobead expression (red) in a midbrain DA neuron. B, Retrograde tracer injections into NAcs and retrobead expression in midbrain DA neuron. C, AMPA/NMDA ratios 24 h after vapor chamber exposure in VTA DA neurons that project to the NAcc. *The 5700 PPM AMPA/NMDA ratio is higher than the ratio for the air control (p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn's multiple-comparison test). D, Time course of toluene effect on AMPA/NMDA ratio in mesoaccumbens core DA neurons. *AMPA/NMDA ratios 1 and 3 d after 5700 PPM toluene exposure are greater than air controls (p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn's multiple-comparison test). E, Time course of toluene effect on AMPA/NMDA ratio in mesoaccumbens medial shell neurons. *AMPA/NMDA ratios 1, 3, and 21 d after 5700 PPM toluene exposure are greater than air controls (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's multiple-comparison test). F, Example traces are AMPA-mediated (gray) and NMDA-mediated (black) currents in mesoaccumbens core neurons from subjects exposed to air, 2850 PPM toluene, or 5700 PPM toluene. Calibration: 20 pA, 10 ms. G, Example traces from subjects exposed to air or 5700 PPM toluene. Calibration: 20 pA, 10 ms.