FIGURE 6.

Knockdown of XBP1 abolished the induction of autophagy mediated by Endostatin. ECs were infected with non-target (shNT) or XBP1-targeting (shXBP1) shRNA lentiviruses for 48 h, followed by 24-h endostatin treatment. A–D, electron micrographs show that knockdown of XBP1 abolished the presence of autophagosomes in ECs mediated by endostatin. Scale bars, 2 μm (A and B) and 0.5 μm (C and D). E, confirmation of knockdown of XBP1 in ECs by a real-time PCR assay. *, p < 0.05. Data presented are representative of or an average from three independent experiments. Error bars, S.E.