Table 1.
Immunomodulatory effects of cytokine administration to chronically SIV-infected Rhesus macaques.
| IL-21 [117] | IL-7 [124, 125] | IL-15 [129, 130] | IL-12 [132, 133] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perforin and granzyme B levels in CD4, CD8 and NK cells | ↑ | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
| SIV-specific CD8 T cell polyfunctionality | ↑ | N.A. | = | ↑ IFN-γ response |
| Viral set point | = | = | ↑ not significant | = |
| CD4 T cell count | = | ↑ naїve | ↑ effector memory | ↓ transient |
| CD8 T cell count | = | ↑ transient | ↑ effector memory | ↓ transient |
| CD8 T cell activation | = | ↑ | ↑ | N.A. |
| Frequency of memory B cells | ↑ | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
| Anti-SIV antibody titers | ↑ | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
↑: increased; ↓: decreased; =: no change; N.A.: not analyzed. References for each cytokine are given in parenthesis.