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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cephalalgia. 2011 Nov 2;31(16):1595–1600. doi: 10.1177/0333102411427600

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Application of hypotonic solution and 4α-PDD to the dura elicited cutaneous allodynia via activation of TRPV4. (A) Withdrawal thresholds to tactile stimuli applied to the face (top) and the hind paws (bottom) were measured in rats before and for 5 hours after dural application of 10% SIF (n =15) or normal osmolarity SIF (n =11). For both facial and hind paw responses, two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measurement indicated that response thresholds of hypotonic solution-treated rats were significantly (p <0.0001) less than those of standard SIF-treated rats. (B) Withdrawal thresholds to tactile stimuli applied to the face (top) and the hind paws (bottom) were measured in rats before and for 5 hours after dural application of 4α-PDD (100 μM) (n =16) or vehicle (n =16). For both facial and hind paw responses, two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measurement indicated that response thresholds of 4α-PDD-treated rats were significantly (p <0.0001) less than those of vehicle treated rats.