Table 2. Change in Visual Acuity and Optical Coherence Tomography Central Subfield Thickness from Baseline to 1 Year by Participant Demographic and Medical Disease Characteristics.
| Change in Visual Acuity | Change in OCT CSF Thickness | Visual Acuity Improvement of >10 letters and ≥20% reduction in OCT CSF Thickness | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| N | Median (25th, 75th Quartile) | Univariate/Multivariate P-values† | N | Median (25th, 75thQuartile) | Univariate/MultivariateP-values† | N | % | Univariate/MultivariateP-values† | |
| Total | 338 | +9 (+4, +15) | 334 | −116 (−209, −44) | 334 | 37% | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Race | 0.87/-- | 0.008/-- | 0.08/-- | ||||||
| Non-White | 91 | +9 (+5, +15) | 88 | −151 (−227, −78) | 88 | 44% | |||
| White | 247 | +9 (+3, +15) | 246 | −104 (−192, −34) | 246 | 35% | |||
| Gender | 0.94/-- | 0.81/-- | 0.36/-- | ||||||
| Women | 145 | +9 (+5, +15) | 145 | −119 (−210, −34) | 145 | 39% | |||
| Men | 193 | +9 (+3, +15) | 189 | −115 (−207, −46) | 189 | 36% | |||
| Age‡ | <0.001/<0.001 | 0.26/-- | 0.002/0.003 | ||||||
| <60 years | 114 | +11 (+5, +16) | 114 | −133 (−258, −63) | 114 | 48% | |||
| ≥60 years | 224 | +8 (+3, +14) | 220 | −109 (−192, −37) | 220 | 32% | |||
| Diabetes Type | 0.65/-- | 0.03/-- | 0.31/-- | ||||||
| Type 1 | 23 | +7 (+3, +12) | 23 | −95 (−127, −44) | 23 | 26% | |||
| Type 2 | 309 | +9 (+4, +15) | 305 | −122 (−212, −44) | 305 | 38% | |||
| Diabetes Duration‡ | <0.001/-- | 0.16/-- | 0.04/-- | ||||||
| <15 years | 128 | +10 (+5, +16) | 128 | −151 (−226, −57) | 128 | 40% | |||
| ≥15 years | 210 | +8 (+3, +15) | 206 | −103 (−181, −35) | 206 | 36% | |||
| Mean Arterial Blood Pressure‡ | 0.03/-- | 0.57/-- | 0.19/-- | ||||||
| ≥100 mmHg | 140 | +11 (+5, +16) | 138 | −142 (−242, −47) | 138 | 44% | |||
| <100 mmHg | 198 | +8 (+2, +15) | 196 | −109 (−179, −37) | 196 | 33% | |||
| HbA1c‡ | 0.18/-- | 0.94/-- | 0.67/-- | ||||||
| < 7.5 % | 170 | +8 (+3, +14) | 167 | −133 (−221, −49) | 167 | 35% | |||
| ≥ 7.5 % | 161 | +9 (+4, +16) | 160 | −101 (−195, −34) | 160 | 39% | |||
| Hypertension | 0.43/-- | 0.96/-- | 0.71/-- | ||||||
| No | 69 | +9 (+4, +15) | 68 | −105 (−238, −43) | 68 | 38% | |||
| Yes | 269 | +9 (+4, +15) | 266 | −120 (−203, −44) | 266 | 37% | |||
| Elevated Cholesterol | 0.94/-- | 0.64/-- | 0.83/-- | ||||||
| No | 117 | +9 (+3, +16) | 115 | −130 (−241, −62) | 115 | 40% | |||
| Yes | 221 | +9 (+4, +15) | 219 | −110 (−189, −35) | 219 | 36% | |||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 0.55/-- | 0.57/-- | 0.74/-- | ||||||
| No | 246 | +9 (+3, +15) | 243 | −122 (−206, −44) | 243 | 38% | |||
| Yes | 92 | +10 (+4, +15) | 91 | −99 (−212, −43) | 91 | 35% | |||
| Renal Disease | 0.87/-- | 0.26/-- | 0.71/-- | ||||||
| No | 314 | +9 (+4, +15) | −113 (−209, −42) | 310 | 37% | ||||
| Yes | 24 | +10 (+6, +15) | 24 | −136 (−215, −73) | 24 | 46% | |||
| Neurologic Disease | 0.21/-- | 0.48/-- | 0.87/-- | ||||||
| No | 266 | +9 (+3, +15) | 262 | −113 (−210, −44) | 262 | 37% | |||
| Yes | 72 | +11 (+6, +18) | 72 | −130 (−194, −44) | 72 | 39% | |||
| Insulin Use | 0.56/-- | 0.30/-- | 0.56/-- | ||||||
| No | 132 | +9 (+5, +15) | 131 | −141 (−235, −62) | 131 | 37% | |||
| Yes | 206 | +9 (+3, +15) | 203 | −100 (−189, −34) | 203 | 38% | |||
| Prescribed Glitazones | 0.71/-- | 0.07/-- | 0.57/-- | ||||||
| No | 269 | +9 (+4, +15) | 266 | −110 (−192, −44) | 266 | 36% | |||
| Yes | 69 | +8 (+4, +16) | 68 | −160 (−263, −45) | 68 | 41% | |||
| Prescribed Statins | 0.87/-- | 0.88/-- | 0.93/-- | ||||||
| No | 143 | +9 (+4, +16) | 141 | −120 (−210, −62) | 141 | 38% | |||
| Yes | 195 | +9 (+4, +15) | 193 | −112 (−206, −34) | 193 | 37% | |||
DME = diabetic macular edema; OCT = optical coherence tomography; CSF= central subfield thickness, HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c
†
‘Univariate’ P-values are adjusted for baseline level of the outcome (visual acuity, OCT CSF thickness, or both). Characteristics with P<0.10 were included in a multivariate model and those with P<0.01 were retained; P-values < 0.01 in the final multivariate models appear in bold.
‡
Continuous version of variable used in model to obtain P-value, categories are shown for ease of interpretation only