Figure 6.
Effects of aPKC inhibitors, ICAPP and ATM, on basal and insulin-stimulated expression of lipogenic (SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC), inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β) and gluconeogenic (PEPCK, G6Pase) enzymes in hepatocytes of non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) humans. Incubation time, 4 or 6 hours with or without 1µmol/l insulin (values at both times were comparable and therefore pooled). Bargram values (normalized to unity) are mean ± SEM of findings in 5–8 patients. Asterisks reflect significant differences (*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01: ***, P<0.001; ANOVA) between bracketed groups. See Figure 3 for effects of ICAPP and ATM on activities and/or expression aPKC and Akt in these hepatocytes.