Table 1.

Activity and Levels of aPKCs and aPKC-dependent Expression of Lipogenic, Proinflammatory and Gluconeogenic Enzymes in Uncultured Hepatocytes of Non-diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Humans

Parameter	Uncultured Non-Diabetic	Uncultured T2DM	P Values
aPKC Activity	1 ± 0.14	2.53 ± 0.23	<0.001
"PKC-ι mRNA	1 ± 0.23	3.54 ± 0.72	<0.01
"PKC-ι Protein	1 ± 0.36	2.41 ± 0.67	<0.05
SREBP-1c mRNA	1 ± 0.17	3.08 ± 0.70	<0.05
FAS mRNA	1 ± 0.26	3.85 ± 1.15	<0.05
ACC mRNA	1 ± 0.26	2.77 ± 0.61	<0.05
TNFα mRNA	1 ± 0.26	2.55 ± 0.59	<0.05
PEPCK mRNA	1 ± 0.23	2.87 ± 0.61	<0.05
G6Pase mRNA	1 ± 0.22	3.32 ± 0.89	<0.05
PKC-ζ mRNA	1 ± 0.20	0.80 ± 0.19	NS

Hepatocytes of 5 non-diabetic and 5 type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects were analyzed directly, i.e., without overnight culturing, and results for each patient were expressed relative to the mean value of all non-diabetic patients, set at unity. Values are mean ± SEM of 4–5 determinations. P values were determined ANOVA. NS, not significant