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Typical heart rate (HR) response of a brooding king penguin to a human stressor. In this case, the bird was submitted to a capture-immobilization stress, being approached, captured and held captive for 3 minutes (grey area; see text). The approach occurred out of the grey area. HRi is the initial HR before HR started to increase in a constant way, and the HR reached after full recovery; HRmax is the maximum HR reached during the stress. HR is expressed in beat per min (bpm).
