Table 4.

Potential predictors of activity energy expenditure (kJ/kg/day), sleeping heart rate (beats/min), and grip strength (kg) based on simple regression analysis

	Activity energy expenditure 1 (kJ/kg/day)			Sleeping heart rate (beats/min)			Grip strength (kg)
Variable	N	Log B (95%CI)2	P	n	B (95%CI)	P	n	B (95%CI)	P
Age (years)				304	0.07 (−0.11;0.25)	0.47	303	0.03 (−0.07;0.13)	0.57
Gestational age (weeks)	292	−0.005 (−0.007;-0.002)	0.002	299	0.15 (0.03;0.27)	0.02	298	−0.02 (−0.09;0.04)	0.49
≤28	185	Reference		189	Reference		189	Reference
>28	107	−0.065 (−0.108;-0.023)	0.003	110	1.86 (−0.02;3.74)	0.05	110	−0.66 (−1.70;0.37)	0.21
Gravidity (number)	297			304			303
1	117	Reference		118	Reference		117	Reference
2	86	0.005 (−0.046;0.057)	0.84	90	1.10 (−1.09;3.30)	0.32	90	0.82 (−0.42;2.05)	0.20
≥3	94	−0.014 (−0.072;0.044)	0.64	96	1.94 (−0.21;4.10)	0.08	96	0.35 (−0.87;1.56)	0.57
Education	297			304			303
Not completed primary school	133	Reference		133	Reference		133	Reference
Completed primary school	164	−0.029 (−0.070;0.013)	0.17	304	2.39 (0.59;4.19)	0.01	170	1.14 (0.13;2.15)	0.03
Weight (kg)	297	−0.003 (−0.005;0.000)	0.03	304	0.20 (0.09;0.31)	< 0.001	303	0.17 (0.12;0.23)	< 0.001
Height (cm)	297	0.000 (−0.003;0.004)	0.90	304	0.07 (−0.08;0.23)	0.35	303	0.21 (0.13;0.29)	< 0.001
Body mass index (kg·m2)	297	−0.010 (−0.018;-0.003)	0.01	304	0.54 (0.23;0.85)	0.001	303	0.33 (0.16;0.50)	< 0.001
Arm fat area (cm2)	296	−0.003 (−0.005;0.000)	0.08	303	0.15 (0.03;0.27)	0.01	302	0.09 (0.02;0.16)	0.01
Arm muscle area (cm2)	296	0.004 (0.000;0.007)	0.07	303	0.01 (−0.16;0.17)	0.94	302	0.19 (0.10;0.28)	< 0.001

¹Adjusted for age and cardiorespiratory fitness indicator (m/beat).

²Data are log-transformed beta-coefficients. The percentage difference in Activity energy expenditure associated with one unit difference in continuous exposure variables or by category is calculated as (10^B – 1) x 100% (95%CI).