Table 1.
Variables and questionnaires used in the study
| Concept | Sample item | Response format | Cronbach’s Alpha |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Dependent Variables | |||
| Frequency of PDA/ Tablet PC Use |
“How often did you use a PDA or Tablet PC as part of the PDA Initiative?” |
“0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” |
Single item |
| Frequency of use of RNAO BPGs |
“For each information resource, please indicate how frequently you accessed it during a typical week.” |
“0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” |
Single item |
| Frequency of use of Nursing PLUS |
“For each information resource, please indicate how frequently you accessed it during a typical week.” |
“0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” |
Single item |
| Frequency of use of Lexi or PEPID drug and medical reference guide |
“For each information resource, please indicate how frequently you accessed it during a typical week.” |
“0=never”,“1=almost never”,“2=every few days”,“3=daily”,“4=more than once a day” |
Single item |
|
Independent Variables | |||
|
Organizational Context | |||
| Alberta Context Tool (Estabrooks, 2009) | |||
| Leadership (6 items) |
“Focuses on successes rather than failures.” |
“1=strongly disagree”, “2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.91 |
| Culture (6 items) |
“I receive recognition from others about my work.” |
“1=strongly disagree”, “2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.79 |
| Feedback processes/evaluation (6 items) |
“Our team routinely monitors our performance with respect to the action plans.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.92 |
| Informal interaction (9 items) |
“How often did you have a patient care related discussion with other nurses (RNs or RPNs).” |
“never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. |
NA |
| Formal interaction (4 items) |
“In the last typical month, how often did you participate in team meetings.” |
“never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. |
NA |
| Social capital (6 items) |
“People in the group share information with others in the group.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.8 |
| Structural and electronic resources (11 items) |
“In the last typical month, how often did you use a library?” |
“never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. |
NA |
| Slack, staffing (3 items) |
“On my unit we have enough staff to get the necessary work done.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.88 |
| Slack, space (3 items) |
“On my unit we have adequate space to provide patient care.” |
“1=strongly disagree”, “2=disagree”, “3=neither agree or disagree”, “4=agree”, “5=strong agree”. |
0.76 |
| Slack, Time |
“How often do you have time to do something extra for patients?” |
“1=never”, “2=rarely”,“3=occasionally”,“4=frequently”,“5=almost always”. |
0.8 |
| Organizational support (Estabrooks, 1997) |
“There is support for innovative ideas about patient care.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
Single item |
| Breadth device functions |
“Did you use the PDA or Tablet for recording vital signs?” |
0=No;1=Yes |
NA |
|
Individual Nurse Characteristic Variables | |||
| Attitude toward research (Lacey, 1994) |
“Research is needed to continually improve clinical practice.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.81 |
| Belief willing to implement research (Estabrooks, 1997) |
“I am willing to implement research when it contradicts something I learned in nursing school.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.8 |
| Belief, actually implements research (Estabrooks, 1997) |
“How often do you actually implement research when it contradicts something you learned in nursing school.” |
“never=0 time”,“rarely=1-5 time”,“occasionally=6-10 time”,“frequently=11-15 times”,“almost always=16 time or more”. |
0.87 |
| Problem-solving (Heppner, 1986) |
“When I have a problem, I think of as many possible ways to handle it as I can until I can’t come up with any more ideas.” |
“1=strongly disagree”,“2=disagree”,“3=neither agree or disagree”,“4=agree”,“5=strong agree”. |
0.72 |
| Emotional exhaustion (3 items) Maslach Burnout Inventory(Schaufeli, et al., 1986) |
“I feel burned out from my work.” |
“0=never”,“1=a few times a year or less”,“2=once a month or less”,“3=a few times a month”, “4=once a week”,“5=a few times a week”, “6=every day”. |
0.86 |
| Cynicism (3 items) (Schaufeli, et al., 1986) |
“I have become more cynical about whether my work contributes to anything.” |
“0=never”,“1=a few times a year or less”,“2=once a month or less”,“3=a few times a month”, “4=once a week”,“5=a few times a week”, “6=every day”. |
0.75 |
| Professional efficacy (3 items) (Schaufeli, et al., 1986) | “I feel exhilarated when I accomplish something at work.” | “0=never”,“1=a few times a year or less”,“2=once a month or less”,“3=a few times a month”, “4=once a week”,“5=a few times a week”, “6=every day”. | 0.76 |